随钻声波测井反演地层各向异性的理论与方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 07:13
【摘要】：实际岩石中往往含有大量的非均匀体,对岩石性质尤其是声学性质有着重要影响;而非均匀的定向排列、应力集中等因素会引发地层的各向异性。地层各向异性的评价对于储层性质解释有着重要意义,地层各向异性评价从常规的电缆测量到如今逐步发展到随钻测量。本文针对地层各向异性评价的随钻声波测井这一重大课题,分析了定向非均匀体诱发地层各向异性机理,推导了各向异性地层随钻声波理论并进行了数值模拟,通过理论分析提出用于随钻测量下的地层各向异性反演方法,并将本文反演方法应用到实际处理当中,取得了很好地效果。全文共分为四个部分:第一部分研究了定向非均匀体诱发地层各向异性的理论。首先研究了均匀介质中含定向非均匀体的理论和数值模拟方法,考察了不同非均匀体填充物对介质各向异性的影响规律。接下来,针对背景介质为各向异性的介质,考察了其含定向非均匀体时的响应特征,模拟了非均匀体指向、非均匀体形态及填充物类型对介质有效弹性模量的影响。第二部分针对随钻井孔测量环境地层各向异性声场理论进行了推导,考察了横向各向同性地层的井孔响应;此外针对裂隙非定向排列情况,推导了含孔隙、裂隙的随钻井孔响应理论。针对随钻测量时复杂的仪器设计对理论推导带来的复杂性,提出了一种简化的仪器等效理论,并进行了理论推导。对随钻孔裂隙地层与随钻横向各向同性地层的井孔声场特征进行了详细的数值模拟,分析了不同参数对随钻测量的灵敏度;利用解析与数值的方法对仪器等效理论进行了验证。第三部分提出了用于随钻声波测井反演地层各向异性的方法。首先研究了一种从时域波形提取频散特性的频域相干方法,并对该方法的实用性进行了的验证。利用单极子斯通利波对水平向横波高灵敏度特性,建立反演的目标函数,通过在各向同性地层对等效仪器参数进行标定消除仪器对地层频散特性的影响,进而求取地层的各向异性大小。针对地层横波信息缺失或地层频散严重须进行频散校正的情况,提出了一种联合反演的方法同时反演地层水平向横波速度与垂直向横波速度,进而求取地层的各向异性。对地层各向异性的反演方法进行了数值模拟与实际处理验证,处理结果与理论分析一致。第四部分针对提出的反演方法,对实际地层进行了综合处理,处理结果表明本文提出的方法可以很好的适用于随钻测量情况,在致密地层与页岩等非常规地层也有很好的应用效果。
[Abstract]:There are often a large number of heterogeneous bodies in real rocks, which have an important influence on rock properties, especially acoustic properties, while the anisotropy of strata will be induced by such factors as non-uniform directional arrangement, stress concentration and so on. The evaluation of formation anisotropy is of great significance to the interpretation of reservoir properties. The evaluation of formation anisotropy has gradually developed from conventional cable measurements to while drilling measurements. In this paper, the mechanism of anisotropic formation induced by directional inhomogeneous body is analyzed, and the theory of anisotropic formation while drilling is deduced and the numerical simulation is carried out, aiming at the important subject of formation anisotropy evaluation while drilling acoustic logging. Based on the theoretical analysis, a method of anisotropic inversion of formation is proposed, and the inversion method is applied to practical processing, and a good result is obtained. The paper is divided into four parts: in the first part, the theory of anisotropy induced by directional inhomogeneity is studied. Firstly, the theory and numerical simulation method of directional inhomogeneous body in homogeneous medium are studied, and the influence of different inhomogeneous body fillers on anisotropy of the medium is investigated. Then, the response characteristics of the medium with anisotropic background media are investigated, and the effects of the direction of the inhomogeneous body, the shape of the inhomogeneous body and the type of filler on the effective elastic modulus of the medium are simulated. In the second part, the anisotropic sound field theory of formation measured with drilling hole is deduced, and the hole response of transversely isotropic formation is investigated. Theory of response of fractures with drilling holes. Aiming at the complexity of theoretical derivation brought by complicated instrument design while measuring while drilling, a simplified equivalent instrument theory is put forward, and the theoretical derivation is carried out. The acoustic field characteristics of borehole in fractured formation and transversely isotropic formation while drilling are numerically simulated, the sensitivity of different parameters to measurement while drilling is analyzed, and the instrumental equivalent theory is verified by analytical and numerical methods. In the third part, a method for inversion of formation anisotropy by drilling acoustic logging is presented. Firstly, a frequency domain coherent method for extracting dispersion characteristics from time-domain waveforms is studied, and its practicability is verified. The objective function of inversion is established by using the high sensitivity characteristic of unipolar wavelet to horizontal shear wave. The influence of the instrument on the dispersion characteristics of the formation is eliminated by calibrating the equivalent instrument parameters in isotropic strata. Then the anisotropy of the formation is obtained. In view of the lack of formation shear wave information or the serious need for dispersion correction, a joint inversion method is proposed to simultaneously invert horizontal shear wave velocity and vertical shear wave velocity, so as to obtain the anisotropy of the formation. The inversion method of formation anisotropy is verified by numerical simulation and practical processing, and the results are in agreement with theoretical analysis. In the fourth part, according to the proposed inversion method, the actual strata are comprehensively processed. The processing results show that the method proposed in this paper can be applied to the situation of measurement while drilling. It also has good application effect in dense strata and unconventional formations such as shale.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.81
本文编号：2173314
[Abstract]:There are often a large number of heterogeneous bodies in real rocks, which have an important influence on rock properties, especially acoustic properties, while the anisotropy of strata will be induced by such factors as non-uniform directional arrangement, stress concentration and so on. The evaluation of formation anisotropy is of great significance to the interpretation of reservoir properties. The evaluation of formation anisotropy has gradually developed from conventional cable measurements to while drilling measurements. In this paper, the mechanism of anisotropic formation induced by directional inhomogeneous body is analyzed, and the theory of anisotropic formation while drilling is deduced and the numerical simulation is carried out, aiming at the important subject of formation anisotropy evaluation while drilling acoustic logging. Based on the theoretical analysis, a method of anisotropic inversion of formation is proposed, and the inversion method is applied to practical processing, and a good result is obtained. The paper is divided into four parts: in the first part, the theory of anisotropy induced by directional inhomogeneity is studied. Firstly, the theory and numerical simulation method of directional inhomogeneous body in homogeneous medium are studied, and the influence of different inhomogeneous body fillers on anisotropy of the medium is investigated. Then, the response characteristics of the medium with anisotropic background media are investigated, and the effects of the direction of the inhomogeneous body, the shape of the inhomogeneous body and the type of filler on the effective elastic modulus of the medium are simulated. In the second part, the anisotropic sound field theory of formation measured with drilling hole is deduced, and the hole response of transversely isotropic formation is investigated. Theory of response of fractures with drilling holes. Aiming at the complexity of theoretical derivation brought by complicated instrument design while measuring while drilling, a simplified equivalent instrument theory is put forward, and the theoretical derivation is carried out. The acoustic field characteristics of borehole in fractured formation and transversely isotropic formation while drilling are numerically simulated, the sensitivity of different parameters to measurement while drilling is analyzed, and the instrumental equivalent theory is verified by analytical and numerical methods. In the third part, a method for inversion of formation anisotropy by drilling acoustic logging is presented. Firstly, a frequency domain coherent method for extracting dispersion characteristics from time-domain waveforms is studied, and its practicability is verified. The objective function of inversion is established by using the high sensitivity characteristic of unipolar wavelet to horizontal shear wave. The influence of the instrument on the dispersion characteristics of the formation is eliminated by calibrating the equivalent instrument parameters in isotropic strata. Then the anisotropy of the formation is obtained. In view of the lack of formation shear wave information or the serious need for dispersion correction, a joint inversion method is proposed to simultaneously invert horizontal shear wave velocity and vertical shear wave velocity, so as to obtain the anisotropy of the formation. The inversion method of formation anisotropy is verified by numerical simulation and practical processing, and the results are in agreement with theoretical analysis. In the fourth part, according to the proposed inversion method, the actual strata are comprehensively processed. The processing results show that the method proposed in this paper can be applied to the situation of measurement while drilling. It also has good application effect in dense strata and unconventional formations such as shale.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.81
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