松辽盆地南部德惠断陷深层三维地震勘探采集技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 16:53

【摘要】：德惠断陷是松辽盆地南部吉林油田勘探的有利目标区，深层火成岩十分发育，油气资源十分丰富，但表层结构复杂、速度横向变化大、存在巨厚的低降速层，严重制约了油田的勘探开发。受采集设备、技术的限制，以往所采集的地震资料品质差，信噪比和分辨率低，这一问题已经成为制约深层油气勘探深入发展的突出矛盾。造成资料品质差的原因一方面是由于近地表、深层地质条件对地震信号吸收衰减严重，另一方面在采集上对德惠断陷的表层结构调查不清、井深设计不合理，没有采取针对性的解决措施，降低了深层资料的信噪比、成像精度和构造的准确性。通过对德惠断陷老资料的分析，找出影响资料品质的因素，采取有针对性的措施，来提高深层地震反射波的频率、能量以及信噪比，通过本次研究，形成一套适合于德惠断陷深层的施工方法。在实际地震资料分析的基础上，结合地质模型、参数论证，对德惠断陷地区野外地震采集的面元、炮检距、方位角等因素进行论证，设计合理的观测系统，来提高地震资料的反射能量和信噪比，拓宽激发子波的优势频带，以确保野外地震勘探采集质量。在激发井深设计方面，形成一套适合德惠断陷深层地震采集的创新技术。通过对试验资料的对比分析，优选检波器组合方式，来压制高频环境噪声和规则的干扰波，，从而提高德惠断陷地区深层地震记录的信噪比和分辨率。
[Abstract]:Dehui fault depression is a favorable target area for exploration in Jilin Oilfield in the south of Songliao Basin. The deep igneous rocks are well developed, the oil and gas resources are very rich, but the surface structure is complex, and the velocity changes in the lateral direction are large. The exploration and development of oil fields are seriously restricted. Limited by acquisition equipment and technology, the quality of seismic data collected in the past is poor, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution are low. This problem has become a prominent contradiction that restricts the development of deep oil and gas exploration. The reasons for the poor data quality are, on the one hand, the near surface, the deep geological conditions absorb and attenuate the seismic signal seriously, on the other hand, the surface structure of the Dehui fault depression is not clearly investigated and the design of the well depth is unreasonable. No specific measures are taken to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imaging accuracy and structural accuracy of the deep data. Through the analysis of the old data of Dehui fault depression, the factors affecting the quality of the data are found, and targeted measures are taken to improve the frequency, energy and signal-to-noise ratio of deep seismic reflection waves. To form a set of construction methods suitable for deep-seated Dehui fault depression. On the basis of the analysis of the actual seismic data, combined with the geological model and the parameter demonstration, the factors of field seismic acquisition in Dehui fault area, such as plane, offset, azimuth and so on, are demonstrated, and a reasonable observation system is designed. In order to improve the reflection energy and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, broaden the dominant frequency band of excited wavelet, and ensure the acquisition quality of field seismic exploration. A set of innovative techniques suitable for deep seismic acquisition in Dehui fault depression is formed in the design of excitation well depth. By comparing and analyzing the experimental data and selecting the combination of geophone, the high frequency ambient noise and regular interference wave can be suppressed, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of deep seismic records in Dehui fault area.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.42

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