基于精细CA的人员逃生模拟及地震伤亡评估

发布时间：2018-08-14 17:52

【摘要】：地震灾害不仅给社会造成了巨大的经济财产损失,而且也给人类带来了严重的心灵创伤。因此,评估未来地震可能造成的人员伤亡损失,将地震人员伤亡数量控制到最低水平显得尤为重要。虽然地震的发生具有一定的随机性和不可确定性,但是不同强度地震造成建筑物倒塌毁坏时,建筑物内部的人员伤亡分布位置及数量是可以进行有效评估的。对建筑结构倒塌下的人员逃生过程进行模拟可以实现人员伤亡的定量评估。但目前针对该方面的研究相对缺乏。人员逃生过程的动态特性对人员的伤亡分布及数量有着重要的影响。在以往的研究中,元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,CA)模型常用于模拟人员的动态逃生过程。针对现有的不足,本文基于人员动态逃生特性对人员逃生过程进行模拟;对地震作用下框架结构倒塌造成的人员伤亡进行分析;并初步研究开发了地震时建筑物中人员逃生过程模拟及伤亡预测系统。具体内容如下:(1)同时考虑了人员逃生过程中的静态吸引力,动态吸引力,聚拢吸引力,并分别研究了这些吸引力参数对房间中人员逃生时间及其变异系数的影响。给出了逃生时间与这些吸引力参数之间的函数关系,定量分析了人员逃生时间与逃生特性之间的关系。(2)对框架结构内部人员逃生过程进行了数值模拟。将该逃生过程与框架结构倒塌的有限元模拟过程在同一时间和空间下结合,研究了人员伤亡分布位置,定量评估了地震作用下的人员伤亡。为震后救灾指挥及援救方案的制定提供了有力帮助。(3)初步研究开发了地震时建筑物中人员逃生过程模拟及伤亡预测系统。研究了不同吸引力参数下,人员逃生过程、人员伤亡分布的变化。并实现了有无障碍物下人员逃生过程的模拟功能、有无障碍物下人员伤亡分布的预测功能以及结构尺寸优化设计功能。
[Abstract]:Earthquake disaster not only caused huge economic and property losses to society, but also brought serious psychological trauma to human beings. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the possible casualties caused by future earthquakes and to keep the number of earthquake casualties to the lowest level. Although the occurrence of earthquakes is random and uncertain, the location and number of casualties in buildings can be effectively evaluated when earthquakes of different intensity cause the collapse and destruction of buildings. The simulation of the escape process under the collapse of the building structure can realize the quantitative evaluation of the casualties. However, the current research on this area is relatively scarce. The dynamic characteristics of personnel escape process have an important impact on the distribution and number of casualties. In previous studies, Cellular Automata CA (CA) model is often used to simulate the dynamic escape process. In view of the existing shortcomings, this paper simulates the process of personnel escape based on the characteristics of personnel dynamic escape, and analyzes the casualties caused by the collapse of frame structure under earthquake. The simulation of escape process and the prediction system of casualties in buildings during earthquake are studied and developed preliminarily. The main contents are as follows: (1) at the same time, the static attraction, dynamic attraction and convergence attraction are considered, and the influence of these attraction parameters on the escape time and the coefficient of variation of the occupants in the room are studied respectively. The functional relationship between the escape time and these attractive parameters is given, and the relationship between the escape time and the escape characteristics is quantitatively analyzed. (2) the escape process of the personnel inside the frame structure is numerically simulated. The escape process is combined with the finite element simulation of the collapse of the frame structure in the same time and space to study the location of casualties and quantitatively evaluate the casualties caused by earthquake. It provides a powerful help for the post-earthquake disaster relief command and rescue program formulation. (3) A preliminary study and development of the earthquake in the building escape process simulation and casualty prediction system. In this paper, the changes of personnel escape process and casualty distribution under different attraction parameters are studied. The simulation function of escape process with or without obstacles, the function of predicting the distribution of casualties and the function of optimizing design of structure size are also realized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P315.9

【相似文献】