裂缝性储层数值模拟与预测
发布时间：2018-08-15 13:06
【摘要】：裂缝性储层作为重要的油气储层,正确认识其空间分布规律及内部构造特征可实现油气高效开采。裂缝性储层是在不同的地质力作用形成的,其物性与围岩之间差异较大,空间分布规律及内部构造特征复杂多变。目前已发展了多种基于叠前、叠后地震资料的裂缝检测方法,如曲率、相干等。但利用这些方法得到的裂缝性储层空间分布规律及内部构造特征也因此不够精细,这些方法的检测精度有待进一步提高。为提高对裂缝性储层的认识,本文从数值模拟和裂缝检测(主要应用曲率分析)两个方面入手,对常规数值模拟和裂缝检测方法进行改进优化,提高数值模拟和裂缝检测的精度。本文主要研究内容与认识如下:(1)分析了构造滤波方法对裂缝检测的影响。对比分析原始等时切片和构造滤波等时地震切片之间的差异,并分别计算原始地震数据和经构造滤波后地震数据的相干属性,通过对比等时地震切片和相干属性探讨了构造滤波方法对裂缝检测的影响。(2)分析了地震数据的分辨率对裂缝检测的影响。利用数值模拟方法模拟了几组不同频率子波的合成记录,分别计算各合成记录的曲率属性,通过对比曲率属性讨论了分辨率对裂缝检测的影响。(3)提出了基于蚂蚁追踪的建模方法和建模流程。数值模拟是我们认识特定地质体的常用手段之一,通过分析常规的建模流程得到的模拟剖面,可知常规的建模方式过多依赖于人工地震层位对比追踪和断层解释的结果,其准确度相对较低,模拟结果相似度不高。蚂蚁追踪技术相比其他裂缝识别方法能够更精确识别裂缝,通过改变蚂蚁追踪处理流程和对比分析不同参数组合的蚂蚁追踪结果,可得出地质构造特征明确的蚂蚁剖面,将人工地震层位对比追踪和断层解释的结果与蚂蚁追踪结果相结合可建立更精细的模型,有利于提高数值模拟结果的精度。运用蚂蚁追踪技术对常规数值模拟方法改进优化,有利于对裂缝地震响应特征的认识。(4)发展了基于玫瑰图分析的方位曲率检测裂缝方法。常规的曲率属性各向异性特征明显,不能突显出特定角度上裂缝发育的特征。方位曲率属性是在基于扫描倾角体曲率计算方法基础上推导而来的,方位曲率属性能够加强某一特定方向上的裂缝特征在曲率属性上的显示,可提供检测和展示特定方向上裂缝发育特征的手段。裂缝发育规律复杂,方位角角度信息不易得到,玫瑰图分析是通过统计研究区域不同裂缝强度出现的频率得出其对应角度信息,较其他方法相比,玫瑰图分析角度信息更为准确,为方位曲率分析方法中的特定方位角信息提供解决方案,也提高了特定方向上方位曲率属性对裂缝发育特征的描述。
[Abstract]:Fractured reservoir is an important oil and gas reservoir, which can be exploited efficiently by correctly understanding its spatial distribution law and internal structural characteristics. Fractured reservoir is formed by different geological forces, and its physical properties differ greatly from surrounding rocks. Its spatial distribution law and internal structural characteristics are complex and changeable. Fracture detection methods of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data, such as curvature, coherence, etc. But the spatial distribution and internal structural characteristics of fractured reservoirs obtained by these methods are not precise enough, and the detection accuracy of these methods needs to be further improved. In order to improve the understanding of fractured reservoirs, this paper focuses on numerical simulation and fracture detection. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation and fracture detection, the curvature analysis should be used to improve the conventional numerical simulation and fracture detection methods. By comparing the coherence attributes of the original seismic data and the filtered seismic data, the influence of the tectonic filtering method on the fracture detection is discussed. (2) The influence of the resolution of seismic data on the fracture detection is analyzed. Several numerical simulations are carried out. The curvature attributes of each synthetic record are calculated and the effect of resolution on fracture detection is discussed by comparing the curvature attributes. (3) A modeling method and process based on ant tracking are proposed. Ant tracing technology can identify fractures more accurately than other methods. Ant tracing technology can identify fractures more accurately by changing ant tracing process and correlation. Ant tracing results of different parameter combinations are analyzed, and ant profiles with clear geological structure characteristics can be obtained. Combining the results of artificial seismic horizon correlation tracing and fault interpretation with the results of ant tracing, a more precise model can be established, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation results. (4) An azimuthal curvature detection method based on rosette analysis is developed. The conventional curvature attributes have obvious anisotropic characteristics and can not highlight the characteristics of fracture development at specific angles. The azimuthal curvature attributes are the basis of the curvature calculation method based on scanning dip. The azimuthal curvature attribute can enhance the display of the crack characteristics in a particular direction on the curvature attribute and provide a means to detect and display the crack development characteristics in a particular direction. Comparing with other methods, Rosette analysis is more accurate, which provides a solution for the azimuth information of azimuth curvature analysis method, and also improves the description of fracture development characteristics by azimuth curvature attributes in specific directions.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
本文编号：2184291
[Abstract]:Fractured reservoir is an important oil and gas reservoir, which can be exploited efficiently by correctly understanding its spatial distribution law and internal structural characteristics. Fractured reservoir is formed by different geological forces, and its physical properties differ greatly from surrounding rocks. Its spatial distribution law and internal structural characteristics are complex and changeable. Fracture detection methods of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data, such as curvature, coherence, etc. But the spatial distribution and internal structural characteristics of fractured reservoirs obtained by these methods are not precise enough, and the detection accuracy of these methods needs to be further improved. In order to improve the understanding of fractured reservoirs, this paper focuses on numerical simulation and fracture detection. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation and fracture detection, the curvature analysis should be used to improve the conventional numerical simulation and fracture detection methods. By comparing the coherence attributes of the original seismic data and the filtered seismic data, the influence of the tectonic filtering method on the fracture detection is discussed. (2) The influence of the resolution of seismic data on the fracture detection is analyzed. Several numerical simulations are carried out. The curvature attributes of each synthetic record are calculated and the effect of resolution on fracture detection is discussed by comparing the curvature attributes. (3) A modeling method and process based on ant tracking are proposed. Ant tracing technology can identify fractures more accurately than other methods. Ant tracing technology can identify fractures more accurately by changing ant tracing process and correlation. Ant tracing results of different parameter combinations are analyzed, and ant profiles with clear geological structure characteristics can be obtained. Combining the results of artificial seismic horizon correlation tracing and fault interpretation with the results of ant tracing, a more precise model can be established, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation results. (4) An azimuthal curvature detection method based on rosette analysis is developed. The conventional curvature attributes have obvious anisotropic characteristics and can not highlight the characteristics of fracture development at specific angles. The azimuthal curvature attributes are the basis of the curvature calculation method based on scanning dip. The azimuthal curvature attribute can enhance the display of the crack characteristics in a particular direction on the curvature attribute and provide a means to detect and display the crack development characteristics in a particular direction. Comparing with other methods, Rosette analysis is more accurate, which provides a solution for the azimuth information of azimuth curvature analysis method, and also improves the description of fracture development characteristics by azimuth curvature attributes in specific directions.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
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