岩土与地质环境模拟装置的研制

发布时间：2018-08-16 13:38

【摘要】：地质灾害尤其是滑坡泥石流等常见岩土体灾害危害巨大,在我国还是处于多发易发的态势,给人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁。边坡是地质环境最常见的,当斜坡岩体或土体的局部变形滑移,使分裂面逐渐发展,互相连接,并与外界贯通,使部分岩土体沿一连续的分裂面与坡体分离,分离的岩体在一些外部因素的作用,尤其是连续降雨的影响下,会演变为灾害。本研究致力于为边坡类地质灾害问题的定量化研究提供一个支撑,通过对坡度和降雨量的自主调控提高研究效率;同时对于新开发的用以监测地质灾害的技术和仪器也能提供一个平台来进行相关测试工作。为最终形成对灾害的有效监测和准确预报提供帮助。定量化和可视化是地质灾害研究的大趋势,通过研发一套装置,实现岩土与地质环境的模拟。其中设计大型机械承重装置包括:承载岩土体的厢体、承重底座、改变角度的举升机构。设计模拟降雨装置包括:降雨执行机构、降雨控制机构;通过开发上位机软件来实现降雨的调控和通过对降雨量的监测形成闭环反馈控制。同时,选择合适的监测仪器对实验过程中岩土体的一些重要指标如降雨量、含水率、岩土体位移等被测量进行实时监测并完成数据保存。完成设计后通过施工方案实现装置,然后分别对边坡模拟装置及模拟降雨装置展开测试和分析,通过结果及数据来验证装置性能。
[Abstract]:Geological disasters, especially landslides and debris flows, which are common rock and soil hazards, are still in the situation of frequent occurrence in China, and pose a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. Slope is the most common in geological environment. When the partial deformation and slip of slope rock mass or soil mass make the split plane develop gradually, connect with each other, and connect with the outside world, some rock and soil can be separated from slope body along a continuous split plane. The separated rock mass will evolve into a disaster under the influence of some external factors, especially continuous rainfall. This study is dedicated to provide a support for the quantitative study of slope geological hazards and improve the efficiency of research through the independent regulation of slope and rainfall. At the same time, the newly developed technologies and instruments for monitoring geological hazards can also provide a platform for related testing work. It is helpful for effective monitoring and accurate prediction of disasters. Quantification and visualization are the main trend of geological hazard research. Through the development of a set of devices, the simulation of geotechnical and geological environment is realized. The design of large-scale mechanical load-bearing device includes: the carriage of rock and soil, the bearing base, the lifting mechanism of changing angle. The design of rainfall simulation device includes: rainfall executive mechanism, rainfall control mechanism; through the development of upper computer software to achieve rainfall regulation and monitoring of rainfall through the formation of closed-loop feedback control. At the same time, some important indexes of rock and soil such as rainfall, moisture content, displacement of rock and soil are monitored and stored in real time. After the design is completed, the device is realized through the construction scheme, and then the slope simulation device and the simulated rainfall device are tested and analyzed respectively, and the performance of the device is verified by the results and data.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642

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