采煤沉陷区灾害链断链减灾模式研究及应用

发布时间：2018-08-18 11:13

【摘要】：目前，针对采煤沉陷区内存在的地质灾害和环境灾害所进行的地质灾害治理、水土保持、土地复垦、以及生态环境恢复等工程分别属于国土资源、水利、农业、环境保护等部门归口管理，产生了大量的重复治理和经费浪费现象；另一方面，采煤沉陷区内各种地质灾害事件和环境灾害事件并不是孤立存在的，他们之间往往存在着时间上先后发生、成因上相互联系、互相牵制的关系，这些灾害事件之间能够构成一个复杂的灾害链系统。鉴于上述两个原因，将采煤沉陷区内地质灾害和环境灾害放在灾害链中进行综合治理，既能避免重复治理造成的经费浪费，又能对采煤沉陷区内各种灾害实现有效治理。本文以山西榆次北山煤矿采煤沉陷区为例，在对其进行地质灾害、环境灾害等各种灾害现状分析的基础上，构建采煤沉陷区灾害链系统，然后对灾害链进行致灾过程分析，并提出采煤沉陷区灾害链的断链减灾模式，以采煤沉陷区灾害链的断链减灾模式为前提，，提出采煤沉陷区的综合治理方案。通过上述分析，主要成果如下：（1）研究区内地质灾害表现在采空区灾害、煤矸石灾害和因工程开挖形成的不稳定边坡灾害，环境灾害表现为植被面积减小、地貌景观破坏、大气污染、土壤腐蚀和地下水污染等。（2）采煤沉陷区灾害链按照灾害类型可分为采空区灾害链、煤矸石灾害链和不稳定边坡灾害链，对其进行成灾过程分析并提出在各灾害链的致灾环节进行人为断链的断链减灾模式，即在致灾环节，采用注浆和封填的方案对采空区灾害链进行断链；采用拱形骨架护坡的方案对煤矸石灾害链进行断链；采用工程锚固或者生态护坡的方案对不稳定边坡灾害链进行断链。（3）在断链减灾方案的基础上，详细论述了采煤沉陷区的综合治理方案，该治理方案能够消除采煤沉陷区内地质灾害和环境灾害。上述研究过程，能够为其他复杂的采煤沉陷区的治理提供思路。
[Abstract]:At present, such projects as geological disaster control, soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and ecological environment restoration for geological and environmental disasters existing in coal mining subsidence areas belong to land resources, water conservancy and agriculture, respectively. Environmental protection and other departments' centralized management have resulted in a large number of repeated management and waste of funds; on the other hand, all kinds of geological and environmental disasters in coal mining subsidence areas do not exist in isolation. They often have a relationship of time and time, cause of formation and mutual restraint, which can form a complex disaster chain system. In view of the above two reasons, putting geological disaster and environmental disaster in the disaster chain of coal mining subsidence area can avoid the waste of funds caused by repeated treatment and realize effective treatment of all kinds of disasters in coal mining subsidence area. Taking the coal mining subsidence area of Beishan Coal Mine in Yuci, Shanxi Province as an example, on the basis of analyzing the present situation of various disasters, such as geological disaster and environmental disaster, the disaster chain system in mining subsidence area is constructed, and then the disaster chain is analyzed. Based on the disaster chain disaster reduction model of coal mining subsidence area, the comprehensive control scheme of coal mining subsidence area is put forward, which is based on the disaster chain disaster reduction model in coal mining subsidence area. Through the above analysis, the main results are as follows: (1) the geological hazards in the study area are the goaf disaster, the coal gangue disaster and the unstable slope disaster caused by the engineering excavation. The environmental disasters are the decrease of vegetation area and the destruction of the geomorphological landscape. Air pollution, soil corrosion and groundwater pollution. (2) the disaster chain of coal mining subsidence area can be divided into three categories according to the disaster type: the disaster chain of goaf, the disaster chain of coal gangue and the disaster chain of unstable slope. This paper analyzes the process of disaster formation and puts forward the model of artificial chain breaking and disaster reduction in the disaster-causing link of each disaster chain, that is, the disaster chain of goaf is broken by grouting and sealing. The project of arch skeleton slope protection is used to break the chain of coal gangue disaster chain, and the project of engineering anchoring or ecological slope protection is adopted to break the chain of unstable slope disaster chain. (3) based on the scheme of disaster reduction of coal gangue, The comprehensive control scheme of coal mining subsidence area is discussed in detail, which can eliminate geological and environmental disasters in coal mining subsidence area. The above research process can provide ideas for the treatment of other complicated coal mining subsidence areas.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.26

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