云南省上芒岗金矿成矿规律研究及找矿预测
发布时间：2018-08-23 13:30
【摘要】：上芒岗金矿位于三江构造转换部位西南缘与印度地块-高黎贡山变质地体东缘过渡区的滇西龙陵-瑞丽大断裂南东侧的北东向次级断裂上芒岗断裂内,该区属于高黎贡山构造-岩浆-变质-成矿带,北东向的上芒岗断裂构造破碎带和不整合面、古岩溶面复合控制了已知金矿化。该矿床是怒江以西地区首次发现的卡林型金矿床。但由于矿区内基础地质和矿产地质研究程度仍然相对薄弱,矿区内及外围地区找矿投入较少,近年来金矿接替资源严重不足,急需加强理论研究从而指导找矿。本文在大量野外工作的基础上,通过分析区域地质背景,综合应用构造地质学、岩石学、矿物学、矿床学、地球化学、同位素地质学等多学科的理论和方法,对上芒岗金矿的矿床地质特征、矿床成因和控矿因素进行了全面分析研究,确认了上芒岗金矿的成矿模式,定性确定了找矿标志,圈定了5个找矿远景区,优选3个找矿靶区,并经工程验证取得了很好的找矿效果。本次研究获得了丰富的成果,取得了以下认识：(1)上芒岗金矿产于龙陵一瑞丽断裂带中的潞西金矿成矿带,属于构造转换活动区的次级伸展构造单元。金矿带呈北东-南西向带状展布,严格受上芒岗断裂的控制,上盘为勐戛组,下盘为沙子坡组。矿床地质构造表现为断裂破碎蚀变带组合,上芒岗金矿包括红色粘土型金矿和位于下部的原生卡林型金矿两个成矿系列。(2)上芒岗金矿地表红色粘土层厚度不一,红色粘土型金矿体覆盖于原生卡林型矿体之上,红色粘土剖面具显著分带性,红土化作用不成熟,其下部与原生卡林型矿体过渡接触,研究表明红色粘土型矿体与原生卡林型矿体具成因上的联系性,红色粘土型矿体是原生卡林型矿体经一系列表生作用(尤其是红土化作用)而形成。(3)上芒岗金矿矿石类型主要划分为红色粘土型、泥砂质-硅质碎屑岩型以及蚀变碎裂一角砾白云岩型三类。矿石成分复杂,由多种原生残留矿物和表生成因矿物组成,结构构造多样,矿体的围岩蚀变显著,矿化蚀变局限于断裂破碎带及邻近区域范围。从断裂破碎带向外,大致可以划分为硅化带、粘土化-硅化带以及粘土化带。(4)矿床地球化学研究表明,从微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征来看,红色粘土型金矿成矿物质来源于原生卡林型金矿或金矿化蚀变体,上芒岗金矿的地质地球化学特征与美国卡林型金矿基本相似,包裹体测温结果表明上芒岗金矿属中低温热液金矿床,硫同位素分析结果表明上芒岗金矿硫可能来源于岩浆硫混染了海相硫酸盐或海水,氢氧同位素组成与岩浆水接近,可能是由于热液蚀变所致,铅同位素分析结果表明,上芒岗金矿物质来源可能为下地壳或上地幔成矿物质后期混染大量壳源物质所形成。(5)上芒岗地区原生卡林型金矿的形成实质上是地壳拉张导致地幔物质上涌引发一系列地质作用,并使Au等元素发生活化、迁移、聚集的过程,可概括为：印支期末至燕山期,边缘海扩张沉积的勐戛组地层,为Au等元素的赋存提供了基础；燕山晚期至喜马拉雅期,构造-岩浆-热液体系形成,浅部发生了热液成矿作用；中低温热液蚀变和矿化围绕断裂系统发育；成矿后至新生代,浅部矿体被岩溶作用、残坡积作用和红土化作用改造,最终在地表形成了受断裂破碎带-不整合面-古岩溶面复合控制的红色粘土型金矿体。(6)将研究区找矿标志总结为构造标志、地层岩性标志、热液蚀变标志、矿物标志、红色粘土层标志、地貌标志6个方面,同时在该区划分出上芒岗金矿区深部、勐莫、回龙村-项球、河边寨、马脖子等五个成矿远景区,并在3个成矿远景区内优选找矿靶区,经工程验证,目前已取得了良好的找矿效果。
[Abstract]:The Shangmanggang gold deposit is located in the Shangmanggang fault of the NE-trending secondary fault on the south-eastern side of the Longling-Ruili fault in Western Yunnan, in the southwestern margin of the Sanjiang tectonic transition zone and the eastern margin of the Indian block-Gaoligongshan metamorphic terrane. The area belongs to the Gaoligongshan tectonic-magmatic-metamorphic-metallogenic belt, the NE-trending Shangmanggang tectonic fracture zone and its irregularity. The deposit is the first Carlin-type gold deposit discovered in the west of Nujiang River. However, the basic geology and mineral geology in the mining area are still relatively weak, and the investment in prospecting in the mining area and its peripheral areas is relatively small. In recent years, the replacement resources of gold deposits are seriously insufficient, so it is urgent to strengthen the theoretical research. On the basis of a great deal of field work, this paper comprehensively analyzes the geological characteristics, genesis and ore-controlling factors of the Shangmanggang gold deposit by analyzing the regional geological background, applying the theories and methods of structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, mineralogy, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotope geology and so on. The study confirms the metallogenic model of Shangmanggang gold deposit, determines the prospecting criteria qualitatively, delineates five prospecting areas, optimizes three prospecting target areas, and achieves good prospecting results through engineering verification. This study has obtained rich results and obtained the following understanding: (1) Shangmanggang gold deposit is located in Luxi of Longling-Ruili fault zone. The metallogenic belt of gold deposit belongs to the secondary extensional tectonic unit in the tectonic transformation active area.The gold belt is distributed in NE-SW direction and controlled strictly by the Shangmangang fault.The upper wall is Mengga Formation and the lower wall is Shazipo Formation. Two metallogenic series of primary Carlin type gold deposits. (2) The red clay type gold deposits in Shangmanggang gold deposit have different thickness of the surface red clay layer. The red clay type gold deposits cover the primary Carlin type gold deposits. The red clay section is obviously zoned and the laterization is immature. The lower part of the red clay type gold deposits is in transitional contact with the primary Carlin type ore bodies. The red clay type ore bodies are formed by a series of supergene processes (especially lateritization). (3) The ore types of Shangmanggang gold deposit are mainly divided into red clay type, argillaceous-siliceous clastic rock type and altered-fractured breccia dolomite type. The mineralization alteration is confined to the fractured zone and adjacent areas. Outside the fractured zone, it can be roughly divided into silicified zone, clayed-silicified zone and clayed zone. (4) Geochemical study of the deposit shows that According to the geochemical characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements, the metallogenic material of red clay type gold deposit originates from primary Carlin type gold deposit or gold mineralization alteration. The geological and geochemical characteristics of Shangmanggang gold deposit are basically similar to those of Carlin type gold deposit in the United States. The inclusion thermometry results show that Shangmanggang gold deposit belongs to medium-low temperature hydrothermal gold deposit with sulfur isotope. Element analysis shows that the sulfur in Shangmanggang gold deposit may be derived from magmatic sulfur mixed with marine sulfate or seawater, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition is close to magmatic water, which may be caused by hydrothermal alteration. Lead isotope analysis shows that the source of Shangmanggang gold minerals may be a large number of crustal materials mixed with lower crust or upper mantle mineralization materials in the later stage. (5) The formation of primary Carlin-type gold deposits in Shangmanggang area is essentially a series of geological processes caused by crustal extension leading to the upwelling of mantle materials, and the activation, migration and accumulation of Au and other elements. These processes can be summarized as follows: the Mengga Formation strata of marginal sea spreading deposits during the late Indosinian to Yanshanian epoch provide the occurrence of Au and other elements. From late Yanshanian to Himalayan, tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal system was formed, and hydrothermal mineralization occurred in the shallow part; middle-low temperature hydrothermal alteration and mineralization developed around the fault system; after mineralization to Cenozoic, shallow orebodies were reformed by karstification, residual slope and lateritization, and finally formed on the surface by fracture and fragmentation. Red clay type gold orebody controlled by belt-unconformity surface-paleokarst surface composite. (6) The prospecting indicators in the study area are summarized as structural indicators, stratigraphic lithology indicators, hydrothermal alteration indicators, mineral indicators, red clay layer indicators, landform indicators. At the same time, the deep part of Shangmanggang gold deposit, Meng Mo, Huilongcun-Xiang-qiu, Hebian Zhai are divided in this area. Five metallogenic prospecting areas, such as Ma Nei Zi and so on, have been selected as prospecting targets in three metallogenic prospecting areas, and good prospecting results have been obtained through engineering verification.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.51
本文编号：2199217
[Abstract]:The Shangmanggang gold deposit is located in the Shangmanggang fault of the NE-trending secondary fault on the south-eastern side of the Longling-Ruili fault in Western Yunnan, in the southwestern margin of the Sanjiang tectonic transition zone and the eastern margin of the Indian block-Gaoligongshan metamorphic terrane. The area belongs to the Gaoligongshan tectonic-magmatic-metamorphic-metallogenic belt, the NE-trending Shangmanggang tectonic fracture zone and its irregularity. The deposit is the first Carlin-type gold deposit discovered in the west of Nujiang River. However, the basic geology and mineral geology in the mining area are still relatively weak, and the investment in prospecting in the mining area and its peripheral areas is relatively small. In recent years, the replacement resources of gold deposits are seriously insufficient, so it is urgent to strengthen the theoretical research. On the basis of a great deal of field work, this paper comprehensively analyzes the geological characteristics, genesis and ore-controlling factors of the Shangmanggang gold deposit by analyzing the regional geological background, applying the theories and methods of structural geology, petrology, mineralogy, mineralogy, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotope geology and so on. The study confirms the metallogenic model of Shangmanggang gold deposit, determines the prospecting criteria qualitatively, delineates five prospecting areas, optimizes three prospecting target areas, and achieves good prospecting results through engineering verification. This study has obtained rich results and obtained the following understanding: (1) Shangmanggang gold deposit is located in Luxi of Longling-Ruili fault zone. The metallogenic belt of gold deposit belongs to the secondary extensional tectonic unit in the tectonic transformation active area.The gold belt is distributed in NE-SW direction and controlled strictly by the Shangmangang fault.The upper wall is Mengga Formation and the lower wall is Shazipo Formation. Two metallogenic series of primary Carlin type gold deposits. (2) The red clay type gold deposits in Shangmanggang gold deposit have different thickness of the surface red clay layer. The red clay type gold deposits cover the primary Carlin type gold deposits. The red clay section is obviously zoned and the laterization is immature. The lower part of the red clay type gold deposits is in transitional contact with the primary Carlin type ore bodies. The red clay type ore bodies are formed by a series of supergene processes (especially lateritization). (3) The ore types of Shangmanggang gold deposit are mainly divided into red clay type, argillaceous-siliceous clastic rock type and altered-fractured breccia dolomite type. The mineralization alteration is confined to the fractured zone and adjacent areas. Outside the fractured zone, it can be roughly divided into silicified zone, clayed-silicified zone and clayed zone. (4) Geochemical study of the deposit shows that According to the geochemical characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements, the metallogenic material of red clay type gold deposit originates from primary Carlin type gold deposit or gold mineralization alteration. The geological and geochemical characteristics of Shangmanggang gold deposit are basically similar to those of Carlin type gold deposit in the United States. The inclusion thermometry results show that Shangmanggang gold deposit belongs to medium-low temperature hydrothermal gold deposit with sulfur isotope. Element analysis shows that the sulfur in Shangmanggang gold deposit may be derived from magmatic sulfur mixed with marine sulfate or seawater, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition is close to magmatic water, which may be caused by hydrothermal alteration. Lead isotope analysis shows that the source of Shangmanggang gold minerals may be a large number of crustal materials mixed with lower crust or upper mantle mineralization materials in the later stage. (5) The formation of primary Carlin-type gold deposits in Shangmanggang area is essentially a series of geological processes caused by crustal extension leading to the upwelling of mantle materials, and the activation, migration and accumulation of Au and other elements. These processes can be summarized as follows: the Mengga Formation strata of marginal sea spreading deposits during the late Indosinian to Yanshanian epoch provide the occurrence of Au and other elements. From late Yanshanian to Himalayan, tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal system was formed, and hydrothermal mineralization occurred in the shallow part; middle-low temperature hydrothermal alteration and mineralization developed around the fault system; after mineralization to Cenozoic, shallow orebodies were reformed by karstification, residual slope and lateritization, and finally formed on the surface by fracture and fragmentation. Red clay type gold orebody controlled by belt-unconformity surface-paleokarst surface composite. (6) The prospecting indicators in the study area are summarized as structural indicators, stratigraphic lithology indicators, hydrothermal alteration indicators, mineral indicators, red clay layer indicators, landform indicators. At the same time, the deep part of Shangmanggang gold deposit, Meng Mo, Huilongcun-Xiang-qiu, Hebian Zhai are divided in this area. Five metallogenic prospecting areas, such as Ma Nei Zi and so on, have been selected as prospecting targets in three metallogenic prospecting areas, and good prospecting results have been obtained through engineering verification.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.51
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王学武;杨世瑜;;滇西潞西上芒岗卡林型金矿[J];云南地质;2005年04期
，本文编号：2199217
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