爆炸聚能作用下岩石劈裂数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 08:51

【摘要】：在我国因为爆破工程数量众多，各种地质灾害频发常会产生大量的大块岩石，不仅影响工程生产效率，同时也对周围人员、设备都存在安全威胁，因此找到一种快速、高效、安全的去除这类岩石的办法是必要的。利用线性聚能装药定向劈裂大块岩石就是基于此提出的。本文结合理论研究、模型试验与数值模拟研究等手段，主要研究岩石在线性聚能射流作用下劈裂过程、装药结构的优化及装药结构与试件尺寸的匹配优化。本文利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟试件在线性聚能射流作用下劈裂的过程。将数值模拟结果与模型实验结果进行对比，验证利用数值模拟的方法研究试件劈裂过程的可行性。模型实验采用圆柱形混凝土试件，研究了药型罩锥角、炸高和试件本身尺寸与劈裂效果的关系。利用数值模拟来分析试件内部的受力情况和试件在线性聚能射流作用下从起裂到破碎的具体过程，研究药型罩厚度、锥角、装药高度、线性装药长度、炸高对劈裂效果的影响。为了减少实验次数设计了五因素四水平的正交实验，并以射流头部速度与侵彻深度作为评判指标，分别得出各因素对射流头部速度和侵彻深度的影响程度的关系、各因素对劈裂效果的影响规律。找到最佳的装药结构，并对此装药结构在侵彻试件时的应力衰减规律进行拟合，找到与该装药结构匹配的试件的极限尺寸，并建立数值模型模拟对用此方法估算试件主劈裂面的尺寸的正确性进行验证。
[Abstract]:In our country, because of the large number of blasting projects and the frequent occurrence of various geological disasters, a large number of large rocks are often produced, which not only affects the efficiency of Engineering production, but also threatens the safety of people and equipment around. Therefore, it is necessary to find a quick, efficient and safe method to remove such rocks. In this paper, the rock splitting process under the action of linear shaped charge jet, the optimization of charge structure and the matching optimization of charge structure and specimen size are studied.
In this paper, ANSYS/LS-DYNA is used to simulate the splitting process of specimens under the action of linear shaped charge jet. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the feasibility of using numerical simulation method to study the splitting process of specimens. The influence of liner liner thickness, cone angle, charge height, linear charge length and explosive height on splitting effect was studied by numerical simulation. Five factors and four water were designed to reduce the number of experiments. In the flat orthogonal experiment, the influence of various factors on the velocity and penetration depth of the jet head and the influence law of each factor on the splitting effect are obtained by using the velocity and penetration depth of the jet head as the evaluation index. The optimum charge structure is found, and the stress attenuation law of the charge structure in penetrating the specimen is fitted. The ultimate size of the specimen matched with the charge structure is found, and a numerical model is established to verify the correctness of the method for estimating the size of the main splitting surface of the specimen.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU45

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