薄储层高分辨率阻抗反演
发布时间：2018-09-06 11:44
【摘要】：地震波阻抗反演是地震储层预测的重要方面,压缩感知由于具有高分辨率,低模型依赖优势,在地震信号处理领域中日益成为热门的研究方向。压缩感知在地震波阻抗反演中的应用主要包括基追踪阻抗反演和匹配追踪阻抗反演等,基追踪方法是采用最小化第一范数实现信息重构,匹配追踪方法是采用贪婪算法局部匹配最优化字典实现信号重构。本文首先研究了压缩感知中的匹配追踪和基追踪方法原理。分析了压缩感知相对于传统的数字信号处理方法如傅里叶变换、小波变换的优势。压缩感知不同于传统的数字信号处理技术,它通过构建相应的字典库,实现了使用少量的观测值对原始稀疏信号的表示。并分析压缩感知的基追踪和匹配追踪方法如何应用于地震阻抗反演。以及研究压缩感知中基追踪和匹配追踪方法在地震波阻抗反演应用的关键性因素。其次研究了匹配追踪在地震波阻抗反演的实现方法。分别实现了基于单层(单极子)匹配追踪阻抗反演、基于两层调谐(双极子)匹配追踪阻抗反演、和基于四层调谐(四极子)匹配追踪阻抗反演。根据匹配追踪在实际地震记录分解中存在的不稳定性问题提出:在原子库构建中先确定子波的相位、主频等取值范围。匹配追踪分解策略在原有的地震信号投影到原子库的最大值的基础上考虑原地震信号与匹配合成地震信号的误差值因素。第三,研究了基追踪在地震波阻抗反演中的实现,先后实现了基于单极子和双极子基追踪阻抗反演。为进一步提高多层调谐下的反演分辨率建立了四极子基追踪阻抗反演方法。最后建立相应模型试验分析基追踪的整体一致性优势和匹配追踪的局部最优化优势。分析了匹配追踪阻抗反演和基追踪阻抗反演各自存在的问题。通过综合两种反演方法的各自优势,即首先通过匹配追踪获得各反射层的最佳匹配地震子波,然后基追踪使用匹配追踪已经匹配好的地震子波构建分解的原子库。再使用基于四极子基追踪阻抗反演方法实现地震信息分解,从而得到更高分辨率的各反射层相对反射系数序列并求得各地层波阻抗。
[Abstract]:Seismic wave impedance inversion is an important aspect of seismic reservoir prediction. Because of its high resolution and low model dependence, compression perception has become a hot research field in the field of seismic signal processing. The applications of compression sensing in seismic wave impedance inversion mainly include base tracing impedance inversion and matching tracing impedance inversion. The basis tracking method is to realize information reconstruction by minimizing the first norm. The matching tracking method uses greedy local matching optimization dictionary to realize signal reconstruction. In this paper, we first study the principle of matching tracking and base tracking in compressed sensing. The advantages of compression sensing over traditional digital signal processing methods such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform are analyzed. Compression sensing is different from the traditional digital signal processing technology. It uses a small number of observations to represent the original sparse signal by constructing the corresponding dictionary. How to apply the base tracking and matching tracking methods of compression sensing to seismic impedance inversion is analyzed. The key factors of the application of base tracking and matching tracing in compression sensing in seismic impedance inversion are also studied. Secondly, the realization method of matching tracing in seismic wave impedance inversion is studied. The inversion is based on single-layer (monopole) matching tracing impedance inversion, two-layer tuning (bipolar) matching tracing impedance inversion, and four-layer tuning (quadrupole) matching tracing impedance inversion. According to the instability of matching tracing in the decomposition of actual seismic records, it is proposed that the wavelet phase and the main frequency range should be determined in the construction of atomic library. The matching tracing decomposition strategy takes into account the error between the original seismic signal and the matching synthetic seismic signal on the basis of the original seismic signal projected to the maximum value of the atomic library. Thirdly, the realization of base tracing in seismic wave impedance inversion is studied, which is based on unipolar and bipolar basis tracing impedance inversion. In order to further improve the inversion resolution of multilayer tuning, a quadrupole subbase tracing impedance inversion method is established. Finally, the global consistency advantage of base tracking and the local optimization advantage of matching tracking are established. The problems of matching tracing impedance inversion and base tracing impedance inversion are analyzed. By synthesizing the respective advantages of the two inversion methods, firstly, the best matching seismic wavelet of each reflection layer is obtained by matching tracing, and then the base tracking uses matching tracing to construct the decomposed atomic library. The seismic information is decomposed by using the method of tracing impedance inversion based on quadrupole basis, and the relative reflection coefficient sequence of each reflection layer with higher resolution is obtained, and the wave impedance of each layer is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
本文编号：2226248
[Abstract]:Seismic wave impedance inversion is an important aspect of seismic reservoir prediction. Because of its high resolution and low model dependence, compression perception has become a hot research field in the field of seismic signal processing. The applications of compression sensing in seismic wave impedance inversion mainly include base tracing impedance inversion and matching tracing impedance inversion. The basis tracking method is to realize information reconstruction by minimizing the first norm. The matching tracking method uses greedy local matching optimization dictionary to realize signal reconstruction. In this paper, we first study the principle of matching tracking and base tracking in compressed sensing. The advantages of compression sensing over traditional digital signal processing methods such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform are analyzed. Compression sensing is different from the traditional digital signal processing technology. It uses a small number of observations to represent the original sparse signal by constructing the corresponding dictionary. How to apply the base tracking and matching tracking methods of compression sensing to seismic impedance inversion is analyzed. The key factors of the application of base tracking and matching tracing in compression sensing in seismic impedance inversion are also studied. Secondly, the realization method of matching tracing in seismic wave impedance inversion is studied. The inversion is based on single-layer (monopole) matching tracing impedance inversion, two-layer tuning (bipolar) matching tracing impedance inversion, and four-layer tuning (quadrupole) matching tracing impedance inversion. According to the instability of matching tracing in the decomposition of actual seismic records, it is proposed that the wavelet phase and the main frequency range should be determined in the construction of atomic library. The matching tracing decomposition strategy takes into account the error between the original seismic signal and the matching synthetic seismic signal on the basis of the original seismic signal projected to the maximum value of the atomic library. Thirdly, the realization of base tracing in seismic wave impedance inversion is studied, which is based on unipolar and bipolar basis tracing impedance inversion. In order to further improve the inversion resolution of multilayer tuning, a quadrupole subbase tracing impedance inversion method is established. Finally, the global consistency advantage of base tracking and the local optimization advantage of matching tracking are established. The problems of matching tracing impedance inversion and base tracing impedance inversion are analyzed. By synthesizing the respective advantages of the two inversion methods, firstly, the best matching seismic wavelet of each reflection layer is obtained by matching tracing, and then the base tracking uses matching tracing to construct the decomposed atomic library. The seismic information is decomposed by using the method of tracing impedance inversion based on quadrupole basis, and the relative reflection coefficient sequence of each reflection layer with higher resolution is obtained, and the wave impedance of each layer is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
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