晋县凹陷古近系油气运移与富集规律研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 10:08

【摘要】：陆相湖盆油气藏运移及富集成藏问题,一直是当今油气勘探领域探讨的活跃话题。以GIS(地理信息系统)为主要平台,在现有钻井,录井,地震等资料的基础上,分别针对晋县凹陷油气藏特征、晋县凹陷油气运移优条件与优势通道、晋县凹陷中南部含油气区域评价展开专题研究。阐明构造-沉积演化对油气成藏的控制作用,搞清油气富集规律及控制因素。最终,在统一的地层框架内,指出有利层段、区带和领域,优选和落实整装规模储量目标的有利勘探方向。晋县凹陷冀中坳陷的西南部,西与石家庄凹陷之间被无极-藁城低凸起分隔,东部与束鹿凹陷被宁晋凸起分隔。晋县凹陷古近系构造层：包括Ek3、Ek2、Es4+Ek1, Es3+Es2和Es,+Ed五套层段。这五个组段代表了晋县凹陷古近系构造层的基本特征。晋县凹陷中南部近系在纵向上形成了Ek2+Ek3、Es4+Ek1和Es3+Es2三套烃源层。Ek2+Ek3段烃源岩厚度大,是晋县凹陷最主要的烃源岩。Es4+Ek1段烃源岩是晋县凹陷重要的烃源岩。Es3+Es2段具有一定的生油能力只能作为凹陷的次要生油层。晋县凹陷储层砂体纵、横向变化快,出油层位分布不均,油气藏富集条件与分布规律不易把握。因此,深化油气藏成藏主控因素、成畅模式和油气富集规律成为亟待解决的问题。本课题的目的层段包括Ek1-Es2，油气自下而上的富集区垂向叠合性不佳,平面展布较为分散。通过对研究区内的储层物性的研究,弄清研究区砂体展布的规律。进而为油气优势运移通道的模拟中有效的输导体系分布提供依据。通过对断层封闭性的研究与分析,阐明晋县凹陷各级断层对油气运移与成藏的影响。影响断层封闭性的因素：断层形成的应力,断层的倾角,断层含泥质含量等。基于定量评估的要求,选用了断层泥岩涂抹因子(SSF)对晋县凹陷各级断层封闭性进行评估。油气优势运移通道的预测是油气运移研究的关键问题。针对现有油气运移模拟所存在的问题。基于GIS (Geographic Information System)地理信息系统平台,通过GIS的空间数据库对各类地质参数的综合处理和分析。并结合流体势,输导体等影响油气运移的因素,在构造模型与油气输导体系之上,模拟油气运移的优势通道,预测和评价油气藏的有利勘探区带。本次研究在油气优势运移通道综合预测技术之上,结合地震资料与地质解释,对凹陷的烃源岩、输导格架、油气优势运移路径与有利区带进行评估,分析油气成藏规律,阐明油气藏的运聚集规律及主控因素,构建油气成藏模式。微观角度讲,油气是通过地下岩石中的空隙空间发生运移。从宏观角度讲,发育空隙空间的渗透性地层,断层,不整合面组是主要的油气运移通道。同时油气的运移通道并不会孤立存在。输导层和烃源岩空间配置将决定输导体系对油气运移的影响。此外输导体系发育规模和连通性取决于砂体的沉积条件。其孔渗性,平面展布,砂体厚度,古产状等地质条件是影响其输导性能的重要因素。本次研究针对影响输导体连通性的构造,砂地比,断层封闭性等数据进行分析,并进行空间上的耦合,实现输导体系数据的矢量化,并得出以下结论。油气藏在晋县凹陷中主要分布规律为：①东部部陡坡带：凹陷斜坡内带常发育岩性油气藏；中部断裂构造带主要发育构造油气藏,其次为构造一岩性油气藏,油气藏数量丰富；西部缓坡带发育岩性上倾尖灭油气藏,数量少。②II级断层控制背景上的斜坡鼻状构造继承性发育,对凹陷的沉积和充填具控制作用。③长期活动的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级断裂及斜坡大型顺向断层主要为连通断层,构成油气的纵向运移通道,油气沿断层的垂向运移向凸面汇聚、凹面发散。斜坡反向断层纵向封闭,横向连通性取决于断层泥岩涂抹和两侧砂泥对接关系,可用SSF值判断。油气显示分析、优势运移通道模拟等方法实现油气运移规律研究。表明烃源岩生烃后经由输导体系向圈闭排烃是晋县凹陷的主要成藏方式。同时发现不与主力烃源岩直接接触的上部地层可通过连通断层获得油源补给,并由此建立了古近系源内、源上等不同层位油气成藏模式。进一步发现优势运移在烃源区内即已开始并决定了区块可获得的油源供给量。并提出以油气优势运移通道为线索,综合考虑储盖组合、烃源岩、油气藏进行成藏带及分区划分的方法。统计表明,成藏带分区的烃源岩体积与探明储量具有良好的正相关关系,可用于成藏带油气资源潜力的相对评价。以成藏带及分区为单元,应用储层条件、圈闭条件和油源条件的综合分析,完成了晋县凹陷中南部Es4段、Es3段等层位的有利区带预测与评价,优选并指明了有利勘探方向。
[Abstract]:The migration and accumulation of oil and gas reservoirs in continental lacustrine basins have always been an active topic in the field of oil and gas exploration nowadays. Based on the existing drilling, logging and seismic data and on the main platform of GIS, the characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs in Jinxian Depression, the favorable conditions and channels for oil and gas migration in Jinxian Depression, and the Jinxian Depression are analyzed. Finally, within a unified stratigraphic framework, favorable strata, zones and areas are pointed out to optimize and implement the favorable exploration direction for the target of complete scale reserves. In the southwest of the depression, Wuji-Gaocheng low uplift separates the West from Shijiazhuang depression and Ningjin uplift separates the east from Shulu depression. The Paleogene tectonic layers in Jinxian depression include Ek3, Ek2, Es4 + Ek1, Es3 + Es2 and Es, + Ed five sets of strata. These five sets of strata represent the basic characteristics of Paleogene tectonic layers in Jinxian depression. The Ek2 + Ek3, Es4 + Ek1 and Es3 + Es2 source rocks are formed in the vertical direction of the system. The Ek2 + Ek3 source rocks are the most important source rocks in Jinxian sag with a large thickness. The Es4 + Ek1 source rocks are the important source rocks in Jinxian sag. Es3 + Es2 can only be used as the secondary reservoirs in Jinxian sag. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen the main controlling factors of oil and gas accumulation, smooth pattern and oil and gas enrichment law. The target interval of this subject includes Ek1-Es2, the vertical superposition of oil and gas enrichment area from bottom to top is not good, and the plane distribution is dispersed. Through the study of reservoir physical properties in the study area, the regularity of sand body distribution in the study area is clarified, which provides the basis for the distribution of effective transport system in the simulation of the predominant migration pathway of oil and gas. Element: Stress formed by faults, dip angle of faults, shale content of faults, etc. Based on the requirement of quantitative evaluation, fault mudstone smear factor (SSF) was selected to evaluate the sealing ability of faults at all levels in Jinxian Sag. Prediction of dominant migration pathway of oil and gas is the key problem in the study of oil and gas migration. Based on the platform of GIS (Geographic Information System), the comprehensive treatment and analysis of various geological parameters are carried out through the spatial database of GIS. Combined with the factors affecting oil and gas migration, such as fluid potential and transportation conductor, the advantageous passage of oil and gas migration is simulated on the basis of structural model and oil and gas transportation system, and the oil and gas migration is predicted and evaluated. On the basis of comprehensive prediction technology of favorable migration channels of oil and gas reservoirs, combined with seismic data and geological interpretation, this study evaluates source rocks, migration framework, favorable migration paths and zones of the depression, analyzes hydrocarbon accumulation rules, clarifies the migration and accumulation rules and main controlling factors of oil and gas reservoirs, and constructs oil and gas reservoirs. From the macroscopic point of view, permeable strata, faults and unconformities are the main hydrocarbon migration pathways. At the same time, hydrocarbon migration pathways do not exist in isolation. In addition, the development scale and connectivity of the transport system depend on the sedimentary conditions of the sand body. The pore permeability, plane distribution, sand thickness, paleooccurrence and other geological conditions are important factors affecting the transport performance of the sand body. The main distribution rules of oil and gas reservoirs in Jinxian sag are as follows: 1. Lithologic reservoirs are often developed in the steep slope zone in the eastern part of the sag; structural reservoirs are mainly developed in the middle fault zone, followed by structural-lithologic reservoirs and oil and gas. There are abundant reservoirs and lithologic updip pinch-out reservoirs in the Western gentle slope zone, but few in the Western gentle slope zone. Oil and gas migrate vertically along faults to convex surfaces and diverge to concave surfaces. Slope reverse faults are closed vertically and lateral connectivity depends on the relationship between fault mudstone smearing and sand and mud docking. It can be judged by SSF value. Oil and gas display analysis and predominant migration channel simulation can be used to study hydrocarbon migration law. The hydrocarbon expulsion from the conducting system to traps is the main reservoir-forming mode in Jinxian sag.It is also found that the upper strata which are not directly in contact with the main source rocks can be supplied by the connecting faults,and thus the hydrocarbon accumulation models of different horizons such as the Paleogene source and the upper source rocks are established.It is further found that the dominant migration has begun and decided in the source area. Based on the predominant migration pathway of oil and gas, a method of reservoir-cap assemblage, source rock and reservoir zoning is proposed. Statistics show that there is a good positive correlation between source rock mass volume and proven reserves in the zoning of reservoir-forming zone, which can be used for the potential of oil and gas resources in reservoir-forming zone. Relative evaluation. The favorable zones of Es4 and Es3 in the middle and south of Jinxian depression are predicted and evaluated by comprehensive analysis of reservoir conditions, trap conditions and oil source conditions, and the favorable exploration direction is optimized and pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

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