震后初期救灾物资两阶段调度优化研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 05:59
【摘要】：自进入21世纪以来,我国发生多次大规模地震灾害,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。震后初期,为了抢救灾民生命和维持正常生活,尽可能降低地震造成的损失,救灾物资必须在最短时间内送达灾区。救灾物资调度是一种特殊的物流活动,是震后快速响应期的关键环节,核心内容为分配救灾物资和优化运输路径。制定合理、科学的救灾物资调度方案,有利于快速及时供应救灾物资,提高救援工作效率,最大化满足灾区的救灾物资需求。本论文主要内容为:(1)在论述救灾物资的概念、需求特征以及救灾物流的基础上,总结震后初期救灾物资调度的原则、特性及构成要素,根据震后初期先近距离的救灾物资储备库配送救灾物资,若未满足受灾点的救灾物资需求时,再远距离调运救灾物资的原则,将震后初期救灾物资的调度阶段划分为配送阶段和调运阶段,分析救灾物资两阶段调度的供应网络,梳理震后初期救灾物资两阶段调度优化的相关理论和基本方法。(2)首先针对地震及救灾物资调度的特点,提出了 B型关联度改进TOPSIS法的B型关联度-TOPSIS法;然后分析受灾点需求紧迫性的影响因素,根据影响因素构建了受灾点需求紧迫系数的评价指标体系,并利用熵值法、AHP与线性加权法得到指标的主客观组合权重;之后介绍B型关联度-TOPSIS法的模型方法,并选用雅安地震相关数据进行算例分析;最后将B型关联度-TOPSIS法、TOPSIS法、灰色关联分析法的评价结果与期望值进行对比,得到B型关联度-TOPSIS法的评价结果与期望值的偏差较小,从而验证了该评价方法的科学性和合理性。(3)分析救灾物资调度优化建模影响因素,根据震后初期救灾物资调度的配送阶段和调运阶段划分,分别构建从供应点到受灾点的双目标两级配送模型和从供应点到受灾点的多目标三级调运模型,并分别阐述配送模型和调运模型的求解方法。(4)以雅安地震的9个主要受灾点为例,选用Lingo软件求解,依次得到救灾物资的配送方案和调运方案,即震后初期救灾物资两阶段调度优化方案,并分别对配送阶段和调运阶段的双目标处理和去模糊化处理的权重进行灵敏度分析。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century, there have been many large-scale earthquake disasters in China, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses. In the early stage of the earthquake, in order to save the victims' lives and maintain a normal life, and to minimize the damage caused by the earthquake, the relief materials must reach the disaster area in the shortest time. The dispatch of relief materials is a special logistics activity, which is the key link of the rapid response period after the earthquake. The core content is the distribution of relief materials and the optimization of transportation routes. It is beneficial to supply relief materials quickly and timely, to improve the efficiency of rescue work, and to meet the needs of disaster relief materials as well as to make a reasonable and scientific plan for the dispatch of disaster relief materials. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of discussing the concept, demand characteristics and relief logistics of disaster relief materials, this paper summarizes the principles, characteristics and constituent elements of the dispatch of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. According to the principle of distributing disaster relief materials at the early stage of the earthquake by the near distance storage of disaster relief materials, and if the needs of disaster relief materials are not met at the disaster point, the principle of transferring disaster relief supplies over long distances is adopted. The dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake is divided into the distribution stage and the dispatching stage, and the supply network of the two-stage dispatching of the relief materials is analyzed. This paper combs the relevant theories and basic methods of two-stage dispatch optimization of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. (2) according to the characteristics of earthquake and disaster relief materials scheduling, the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method is proposed to improve the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the urgency of the disaster point demand, the evaluation index system of the urgent demand coefficient of the disaster point is constructed, and the subjective and objective combined weights of the index are obtained by using the entropy method and the linear weighting method. Then it introduces the model method of B type associated degree TOPSIS method, and selects Ya'an seismic data to carry on the example analysis, finally compares the evaluation results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value, and the TOPSIS method of B type correlation degree and grey correlation analysis method, and compares the results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value. The deviation between the evaluation result and the expected value of TOPSIS method is small, which verifies the scientific and reasonable of the evaluation method. (3) analyze the influencing factors of disaster relief material scheduling optimization modeling. According to the division of the distribution stage and the dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake, the two-objective two-level distribution model from the supply point to the disaster point and the multi-objective three-level model from the supply point to the disaster point are constructed respectively. The methods of solving the distribution model and the dispatching model are expounded respectively. (4) taking nine main disaster spots of the Ya'an earthquake as an example, choosing Lingo software to solve the problem, the distribution scheme and the dispatching scheme of the disaster relief materials are obtained in turn. That is to say, the optimization scheme of two-stage dispatch of disaster relief materials in the initial period after earthquake, and the sensitivity analysis of the weight of the two-objective processing and de-fuzzification in the distribution and dispatch stages respectively.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.9;U116
，
本文编号：2233570
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century, there have been many large-scale earthquake disasters in China, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses. In the early stage of the earthquake, in order to save the victims' lives and maintain a normal life, and to minimize the damage caused by the earthquake, the relief materials must reach the disaster area in the shortest time. The dispatch of relief materials is a special logistics activity, which is the key link of the rapid response period after the earthquake. The core content is the distribution of relief materials and the optimization of transportation routes. It is beneficial to supply relief materials quickly and timely, to improve the efficiency of rescue work, and to meet the needs of disaster relief materials as well as to make a reasonable and scientific plan for the dispatch of disaster relief materials. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of discussing the concept, demand characteristics and relief logistics of disaster relief materials, this paper summarizes the principles, characteristics and constituent elements of the dispatch of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. According to the principle of distributing disaster relief materials at the early stage of the earthquake by the near distance storage of disaster relief materials, and if the needs of disaster relief materials are not met at the disaster point, the principle of transferring disaster relief supplies over long distances is adopted. The dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake is divided into the distribution stage and the dispatching stage, and the supply network of the two-stage dispatching of the relief materials is analyzed. This paper combs the relevant theories and basic methods of two-stage dispatch optimization of disaster relief materials in the early post-earthquake period. (2) according to the characteristics of earthquake and disaster relief materials scheduling, the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method is proposed to improve the B-type correlation degree TOPSIS method. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the urgency of the disaster point demand, the evaluation index system of the urgent demand coefficient of the disaster point is constructed, and the subjective and objective combined weights of the index are obtained by using the entropy method and the linear weighting method. Then it introduces the model method of B type associated degree TOPSIS method, and selects Ya'an seismic data to carry on the example analysis, finally compares the evaluation results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value, and the TOPSIS method of B type correlation degree and grey correlation analysis method, and compares the results of TOPSIS method and grey correlation analysis method with the expected value. The deviation between the evaluation result and the expected value of TOPSIS method is small, which verifies the scientific and reasonable of the evaluation method. (3) analyze the influencing factors of disaster relief material scheduling optimization modeling. According to the division of the distribution stage and the dispatch stage of the disaster relief materials in the initial period after the earthquake, the two-objective two-level distribution model from the supply point to the disaster point and the multi-objective three-level model from the supply point to the disaster point are constructed respectively. The methods of solving the distribution model and the dispatching model are expounded respectively. (4) taking nine main disaster spots of the Ya'an earthquake as an example, choosing Lingo software to solve the problem, the distribution scheme and the dispatching scheme of the disaster relief materials are obtained in turn. That is to say, the optimization scheme of two-stage dispatch of disaster relief materials in the initial period after earthquake, and the sensitivity analysis of the weight of the two-objective processing and de-fuzzification in the distribution and dispatch stages respectively.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.9;U116
，
本文编号：2233570
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