青藏铁路地质灾害分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 11:56

【摘要】：青藏铁路地处青藏高原腹地,地质构造强烈,地震频发,自然条件恶劣,沿线地质灾害种类多。本论文研究对象为青藏铁路K0-K360段、K1100-1580段的主要地质灾害,将相应地质灾害点的工程地质条件、降雨特征、气候和昼夜温差与地质灾害分布图进行叠置分析,总结得出主要地质灾害(路基沉降和溜坍)的分布规律,采用综合模糊评判法对沿线地质灾害严重性进行分区,根据青藏铁路沿线工程地质条件和不良地质特点,提出地质灾害防治措施建议。论文主要内容如下：1、总结青藏铁路K0-K360段、K1100-1580段的工程地质条件、气候、降雨和昼夜温差,得出主要地质灾害(路基沉降和溜坍)分布规律与地质环境条件的相关关系。主要成果如下：1)路基沉降沿活动断裂带的交点零星分布,沿线路与活动断裂带平行区呈带状分布,沿活动断裂带密集区集中分布；2)路基沉降主要发育在软弱岩区和松散堆积区；3)路基沉降主要发育在地势相对平坦的盆地；4)多年冻土对路基沉降发育的控制作用表现为：多年冻土高地温区易产生路基沉降、高含冰冻土区易产生路基沉降、地质构造裂缝的密集发育促使了多年冻土区的路基沉降发育、路基沉降沿高路基段分布；5)溜坍沿断裂带密集区域发育；6)软弱岩区和松散堆积区是溜坍的主要发育地；7)陡峻的地形为溜坍的发育提供动力条件；8)气候条件和地震对溜坍有诱发作用。2、结合专家意见和研究区地质灾害发育规律,提出地质灾害工点密度、地质灾害工点危险度、24小时降雨量、铁路沿线地形条件、岩土体性质与结构类型、人类经济活动程度、植被覆盖率、褶皱及断裂分布密度、地质灾害历史发展情况、地震烈度等10个评估因子建立地质灾害严重性综合分区指标体系。3、以铁路路线长20km,铁路轴线两侧500m的区域作为一个分析单元,用综合模糊评判对研究区进行了地质灾害严重性综合分区。4、根据研究区地质灾害发育规律对各种地质灾害类型提出防治原则和措施,并对各地质灾害点提出针对性的防治建议。
[Abstract]:Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with strong geological structure, frequent earthquakes, bad natural conditions and many kinds of geological disasters along the route. In this paper, the main geological hazards in section K1100-1580 of K0-K360 section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway are studied. The engineering geological conditions, rainfall characteristics, climate, diurnal temperature difference and geological hazard distribution map of the corresponding geological hazard sites are overlaid and analyzed. The distribution rules of main geological disasters (subgrade settlement and collapse) are summarized and the severity of geological disasters along the line is divided by comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method. According to the engineering geological conditions and the bad geological characteristics along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the distribution of the geological hazards along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is analyzed. Some suggestions on prevention and control of geological hazards are put forward. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The paper summarizes the engineering geological conditions, climate, rainfall and diurnal temperature difference of K0-K360 section K1100-1580 of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and obtains the correlation between the distribution of main geological disasters (subgrade settlement and collapse) and geological environment conditions. The main results are as follows: (1) the subgrade settlement distributes sporadically along the intersection of active fault zone, along the road and along the parallel area of active fault zone, and is concentrated along the dense area of active fault zone; 2) subgrade settlement is mainly developed in weak rock area and loose accumulation area (3) subgrade settlement is mainly developed in relatively flat basin; 4) the control effect of permafrost on the development of roadbed settlement is as follows: subgrade settlement is easy to occur in permafrost highland temperature region, and subgrade settlement is easy to occur in permafrost region. The intensive development of geological structural cracks promotes the development of subgrade settlement in permafrost region. The subgrade settlement distributes along the high subgrade section (5) the collapse develops along the dense area along the fault zone (6) the weak rock area and the loose accumulation area are the main areas of collapse. 7) steep topography provides dynamic conditions for the development of collapsing. 8) climatic conditions and earthquakes can induce collapse. Combined with expert opinion and the regularity of geological hazard development in the study area, the density of geological hazard site is put forward. The risk degree of geological hazard site is 24 hours rainfall, the terrain condition along the railway line, the nature and structure type of rock and soil, the degree of human economic activity, the vegetation coverage, the density of fold and fault distribution, the historical development of geological disaster. Ten evaluation factors, such as seismic intensity, are used to establish the comprehensive zoning index system of geological hazard severity. The area with 20 km long railway line and 500m on both sides of the railway axis is taken as an analysis unit. The comprehensive zoning of the severity of geological hazards. 4 is carried out in the study area by comprehensive fuzzy evaluation. According to the development law of geological hazards in the study area, the prevention principles and measures are put forward for various types of geological hazards, and corresponding prevention suggestions are put forward for each geological hazard spot.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U212.22;P694

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