中国的全球构造位置和地球动力系统

发布时间：2018-09-12 12:00

【摘要】：现今之中国位于亚洲大陆东南部,西太平洋活动带中段;在全球板块构造图上,中国位于欧亚板块的东南部,南为印度板块,东为太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块。地质历史上,以中朝、扬子、塔里木等小克拉通为标志的中国主体属于冈瓦纳和西伯利亚两个大陆之间的转换(互换)构造域:古生代时期,位于古亚洲洋之南,属冈瓦纳结构复杂的大陆边缘;中生代阶段,位于特提斯之北,属劳亚大陆的一部分。显生宙中国大地构造演化依次受古亚洲洋、特提斯-古太平洋、太平洋-印度洋三大动力体系之控制,形成古亚洲洋、特提斯和太平洋三大构造域。不论古亚洲洋,还是特提斯,都不是结构简单的大洋盆地,而是由一系列海底裂谷带(小洋盆带)和众多微陆块组合而成的结构复杂的洋盆体系。加之中、新生代的太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域叠加在古生代的古亚洲洋构造域之上,使中国地质构造图像在二维平面上呈现镶嵌构造,在三维空间上呈现立交桥式结构,使中国不仅是亚洲,也是全球构造最复杂的一个区域。不同阶段的地球动力体系在中国的叠加、复合,使多旋回构造-岩浆和成矿作用成为中国地质最突出的特征。因而中国的造山带大多是多旋回复合造山带,成矿(区)带大多是多旋回复合成矿(区)带,大型含油气盆地大多是多旋回叠合盆地。
[Abstract]:In the global plate tectonics, China is located in the southeast of the Eurasian plate, the Indian plate in the south, the Pacific plate in the east and the Philippine sea plate in the east. In geological history, the main parts of China, marked by the small cratons of China, Yangtze and Tarim, belong to the tectonic domain of the transition between Gondwana and Siberia: Paleozoic period, in the southern part of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. A complex continental margin of Gondwana; Mesozoic, north of Tethys, part of the continent of Laoya. The tectonic evolution of Phanerozoic China was controlled by the three major dynamic systems of Paleo-Asian Ocean, Tethys Paleo-Pacific Ocean and Pacific Ocean, which formed three tectonic domains of Paleo-Asian Ocean, Tethys and Pacific Ocean. Neither the paleo-Asian ocean nor Tethys is a simple oceanic basin, but a complex oceanic basin system composed of a series of submarine rift zones (small ocean basin zones) and numerous microcontinental blocks. In addition, the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Pacific and Tethys tectonic domains were superimposed on the Paleozoic Paleo-Asian oceanic tectonic domains, which made the Chinese geological tectonic images present mosaic structures on two-dimensional planes and overpass structures in three-dimensional space. Make China not only Asia, but also the most complex of the global structure of the region. The superposition and compounding of geodynamic systems in different stages in China make polycyclic tectonic-magmatic and metallogenic processes the most prominent features of China's geology. Therefore, most of the orogenic belts in China are polycyclic composite orogenic belts, the metallogenic (regional) belts are mostly polycyclic composite metallogenic belts, and the large petroliferous basins are mostly polycyclic superimposed basins.
【作者单位】：中国地质科学院地质研究所;
【基金】：中国地质调查项目(编号:121201102000150009-01;121201102000150009-02;12120115070301)的成果,2015年10月中国地球科学联合学术年会(CGU)上,“中国及邻区海陆大地构造专题”口头报告之一
【分类号】：P548

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