松嫩平原（吉林）地下水监测网优化

发布时间：2018-09-14 16:34

【摘要】：地下水作为水资源的重要组成部分,在松嫩平原的社会经济发展中发挥着不可替代的作用。松嫩平原长期持续开采地下水保障了社会经济快速发展的同时也导致了地下水位下降、地面沉降地裂缝发育、含水层枯竭、土壤盐渍化等地质环境问题。地下水监测网是水资源开采利用和环境规划保护不可缺少的基础内容,松嫩平原原有的监测井数据和成果不能完全满足地下水资源开发和地质环境保护与管理的需求,因此,地下水监测网需要进一步优化设计。本文对松嫩平原地下水监测网优化具有一定的实际意义。本文对松嫩平原(吉林)第四系孔隙潜水和第四系孔隙承压水的监测网分别进行优化,并对优化结果进行评价。地下水监测网主要的优化设计方法包括水文地质分析法、克里金法、卡尔曼法及信息熵等;考虑到松嫩平原地下水已有一定程度的开发利用,现有数据不多,可采用传统的水文地质方法进行监测网优化。目前水文地质方法中最有效的优化设计地下水位动态监测网的方法是地下水动态类型编图法。地下水位动态变化影响因素包括:气象、水文、地表特性、地质特性和人类工程活动等,将这些影响因素进行综合分析可为地下水位监测网络的优化设计提供依据。本文以2008~2012年监测数据为基础,通过水文地质分析法利用Map GIS软件的空间分析功能进行空间叠加合成地下水动态类型分区图,并在现有监测孔分布的基础上进行监测井的空间位置设计。对于每个地下水动态类型分区中应至少有一个监测孔,以便监测不同的地下水动态类型。文中最终确定第四系孔隙潜水水位动态类型分区77个,优化后井位达到91个;第四系承压水水位动态类型分区37个,优化后井位达60个。优化后的结果将采用克里金插值法并借助Arc GIS地统计模块对监测网优化结果的合理性进行评价。
[Abstract]:As an important part of water resources, groundwater plays an irreplaceable role in the social and economic development of Songnen Plain. The sustainable exploitation of groundwater in Songnen Plain for a long time not only ensures the rapid development of social economy, but also leads to the decline of groundwater level, the development of ground subsidence cracks, the depletion of aquifers, the salinization of soil and other geological environmental problems. Groundwater monitoring network is an indispensable basic content of exploitation and utilization of water resources and environmental planning and protection. The original monitoring well data and results of Songnen Plain can not completely meet the needs of groundwater resources development and geological environment protection and management. Groundwater monitoring network needs further optimization design. This paper is of practical significance to the optimization of groundwater monitoring network in Songnen Plain. In this paper, the monitoring networks of Quaternary pore phreatic water and Quaternary pore confined water in Songnen Plain (Jilin) are optimized, and the optimized results are evaluated. The main optimization design methods of groundwater monitoring network include hydrogeological analysis method, Kriging method, Kalman method and information entropy, etc. Considering that the groundwater in Songnen Plain has been developed and utilized to a certain extent, there are few available data. The traditional hydrogeological method can be used to optimize the monitoring network. At present, the most effective method to optimize the design of groundwater level dynamic monitoring network is the mapping method of groundwater dynamic types. The factors affecting the dynamic change of groundwater level include meteorology, hydrology, surface characteristics, geological characteristics and human engineering activities. Comprehensive analysis of these factors can provide the basis for the optimal design of groundwater level monitoring network. Based on the monitoring data from 2008 to 2012, this paper makes use of the spatial analysis function of Map GIS software to carry out the zoning map of dynamic type of spatial superposition and synthesis of groundwater by hydrogeological analysis. On the basis of existing monitoring hole distribution, the space position of monitoring well is designed. There should be at least one monitoring hole in each groundwater dynamic type zoning to monitor different groundwater dynamic types. In this paper, 77 zones of dynamic type of phreatic water level in Quaternary system are determined, and 91 wells are located after optimization, and 37 zones of dynamic type of water level of confined water in Quaternary system, and 60 locations of wells after optimization. The optimized results will be evaluated by Kriging interpolation method and Arc GIS geostatistics module.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.7

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