贵州黔东南地区寒武系凯里组腕足类的研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 09:11
【摘要】：贵州黔东南地区第3寒武世(传统中寒武世)凯里生物群,生物组成上仅次于中国云南澄江生物群和加拿大布尔吉斯页岩生物群,位于全球布尔吉斯页岩型生物群第三位,包括11个门类140多属化石。腕足类无论属种数还是化石标本数都是仅次于节肢动物的第二大门类,是凯里生物群的重要动物门类。基于凯里组丰富的腕足类化石材料,作者在以下几方面开展了研究工作,并取得明显的进展。首先,为了查明凯里生物群乃至整个凯里组腕足动物类群组成面貌及组成特征,我们用现代古生物学理念指导下的系统古生物学方法,对3个产地4个剖面(剑河八郎的乌溜-曾家崖和苗板坡凯里组剖面、丹寨南皋三湾凯里组剖面和镇远竹坪凯里组付家冲剖面)中的凯里组腕足类进行了研究,整个凯里组腕足类,分属2个亚门3个纲4个目6个科11属,共计13种,包括2个未定种和6个新种(其中两个种已经发表),即舌形贝型亚门(Linguliformea Williams et al.,1996)8属9种:宾爪厄小舌形贝Lingulella bynguanoensis RobertsJell,1990,台江鳞舌形贝Lingulepis taijiangensis Huang,Wang,ZhaoDai,1994,伯瑞堂古圆货贝Palaeobolus bretonensis Matthew,1899,波希米亚乳房贝Acrothele bohemica Barrande,1990,凯里乳房贝(新种)Acrothele kailiensis sp.nov.,膨大林纳逊贝Linnarssonia tumida HendersonMacKinnon,1981,剑河神父贝(新种)Paterina jianhensis sp.nov.,八郎网形贝(新种)Dictyonina balangia sp.nov.,小帽贝(未定种)Micromitra sp.,和小嘴贝型亚门(Rhynchonelliformea Williams et al.,1996)3属4种:屯州顾脱贝(新种)kutorginadengzhouensissp.nov.,贵州艾苏贝nisusiaguizhouensismao,zhao,wangtopper,2017,瘤点艾苏贝nisusiagranosamao,wangzhao,2014,古壳贝(未定种)eoconchasp.。凯里生物群腕足类从种的组成及数量看,以艾苏贝nisusia为核心,含有两个种,即贵州艾苏贝nisusiaguizhouensis和瘤点艾苏贝nisusiagranosa,艾苏贝标本总数量已达430多件。其次为乳房贝acrothele,有170多件,两个种,其中一个新种,即波希米亚乳房贝acrothelebohemica和凯里乳房贝(新种)acrothelekailiensissp.nov.。数量上位居第三的是古圆货贝palaeobolus,标本数量达110多件,此属只有1种。标本数量依次减少的属为林纳逊贝linnarsson、神父贝paterina、古壳贝eoconcha、顾脱贝kutorgina、网形贝dictyonina、鳞舌形贝lingulepis、小帽贝micromitra、小舌形贝lingulella,这8个属分异度都低,均只有1种。大部分属种为无铰类,部分为有铰类,反映寒武纪第3世早期,有铰类已经开始明显增多,舌形贝型亚门无铰类在寒武纪时期占据重要的位置。其次,通过剑河乌溜-曾家崖及苗板坡两个凯里组剖面丰富的腕足类层位分布统计,腕足类有明显的分带性,下部到上部都有腕足类分布,从下至上可划分为3个组合:1.nisusiaguizhouensis-palaeobolusbretonensis组合;2.paterinajianhensis-kutorginadengzhouensis组合;3.acrothelebohemica-acrothelekailiensis组合。腕足类的这些变化与三叶虫的3个分带有相似之处,腕足类在凯里组中的变化,为寒武纪第5阶的研究提供了腕足类生物地层方面的材料。关于凯里组腕足类生物地层、古生物地理及腕足类演化等方面的内容,主要通过不同剖面腕足类的组成特征及全球不同时代布尔吉斯页岩型生物群腕足类比较与分析等方法进行研究。凯里生物群与全球其它著名的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群的腕足类相比,如产于寒武纪第2世的澄江生物群中9属腕足类,仅有1属(kutorgina)与凯里生物群中的相同。同产于寒武纪第3世第5阶的布尔吉斯页岩生物群中6属腕足类,有4属(lingulella,paterina,micromitra,nisusia)与凯里生物群中的腕足类相似。相比之下,凯里生物群的腕足类更具有北美的色彩,除了可能与腕足类幼年期浮游生活有关系外,可能与它们的地质时代同处于寒武纪第3世第5阶即时代相近,以及寒武纪时布尔吉斯页岩生物群所处的劳伦板块和凯里生物群所处的华南板块同处于相同的纬度等有一定的关系。最后,关于的腕足类形态功能、生活方式及埋藏特征等方面的探讨,运用现代古生态的的理论为指导,通过对少量珍惜标本的研究,认为凯里组腕足类具有丰富的生态现象及埋藏特征。其中腕足类与水母状拟轮盘水母钵(Pararotadiscus)、棘皮动物始海百合(Sinoeocrinus、Globoeocrinus)、大型双瓣壳节肢动物耙肢虾(Occacaris)及刺细胞动物寒武线螺(Cambrovitus)等,具有共生、共埋、固着基底等共存关系。几十件两壳相连保存的乳房贝(Acrothele)标本,说明乳房贝死亡后软体铰合部分来不及失去功能和腐烂,且未经过长距离搬运等,便快速埋藏,为证明凯里生物群快速埋藏提供了有力证据。
[Abstract]:The third Cambrian (traditional Middle Cambrian) Kei biota in Guizhou, Guizhou, is located in the third part of the world's Burghis shale-type biota, which consists of 11 categories of more than 140 species of fossils, only after China's Yunnan Chenjiang biota and Canada's Burghis shale biota. Whether it belongs to the species number or the number of fossil specimens is the second largest category next to arthropods, it is an important animal category of the Kei biota. Based on the abundant brachiopod fossil materials in Keli Formation, the author carried out the research work in the following aspects and made obvious progress. First of all, in order to find out the composition and composition of the brachiopod group of Kei biota and even the whole Keli group, we use the ancient biological method of the system under the guidance of modern paleontology, to cross section of four sections of the three places (the Wuyi-Zeng Jiya and the seedling plate slope of the Sword River), The brachiopod was studied in the Keli Formation in the Keli Formation section of the Sanwan Keli Formation of Danzhai South and the Keli Formation in Zhenyuan, and the brachiopod of the whole Keli group belonged to 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 13 species, belonging to 2 sub-doors. comprises two uncertain species and six new species (two of which have been published), namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish type sub-door (Lingulwanmea Williams et al., 1996) 8 genera and 9 species, namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish Lingulella bynguanoensis RobersJell, 1990, the Taijiang scale tongue-shaped shellfish Linguiangensis Huang, Wang, Zhaodai, 1994, Burre Hall, Palaeobolus bretonensis Fisw, 1899, Arothele bohemica Barrande, 1990, Keli Mammy Tumida Hennessy MacKinnon, 1981, Father Patterina jianheensis sp. nov., 1981, Father of the Sword River (new species) Patterina juensis sp. nov., Trigonina balangia sp. nov., Micromitra sp., and Rynchonelliformea Williams et al., 1996) 3 genera and 4 species: Kutorginadengzhoniismao, zhao, wangtopper, 2017, tumor point Esubeisushiagransamiao, wangzhhao, 2014, ancient shell shellfish (undetermined species) eoconchasp. According to the composition and quantity of the brachiopod of Kei biota, the total number of Esubeissia is the core and contains two species, i.e., the total number of Asubeissiguizhouensis and the tumor site, Asubeismus iagranosa, and the total number of Esubeba specimens has reached 430 pieces. Among them, there are more than 170 species, two species, one new species, namely Bohemia's breast Beacrothelebohemica, and Kerethelekailisenspl.nov., a new species. In the third place, the number of samples in the third place is Beloaeobolus, the number of specimens is over 110, which belongs to only 1 species. In order to reduce the number of specimens, there are only one species, which is Linnerson Bellinnarsson, Father Belpatina, Paleo-shell Beeoconcha, Gu Debenkutororina, net-shaped Berdictyonina, scaly-tongue-shaped shellfish, small cap Bemicro litra and small tongue-shaped Berlingulella. Most of the genera are non-hinged, and some are hinge-type, which reflect the early Cambrian Period 3, and the hinge class has begun to increase significantly, and the tongue-shaped Belleville-type sub-gate does not occupy an important position during the Cambrian period. Secondly, by means of the distribution of brachiopod horizon, which is rich in the cross section of the two Keuli groups, which have been divided into three combinations: 1. nisciaguizhouensis-Bagaeobolusbretonensis assemblage; 2. patterinajensis-kutorginadengzhouensis assemblage; 3. acrothelehemica-acrothelekailiensis assemblage. These changes in the brachiopod are similar to the 3 points of the trilobite, and the changes of the brachiopod in the Keli group provide the basis for the study of the 5th order of the Cambrian. On the basis of the composition of brachiopod of different sections and the comparison and analysis of Bringis shale type biological group in different sections of the world. The Kei biota is the same as the brachiopod of the rest of the world's well-known Bolis shale-type biota, such as the 9 brachiopod of the Biota Biota of the Cambrian Period 2, and only one genus (kutororina) is the same as in the Keli biota. Of the six types of brachiopod in the Burgis shale biota of the 5th order of Cambrian, there are 4 genera (lingulella, pathina, microitra, nissia) which are similar to the brachiopod of the Keli biota. In contrast, the Cartier's brachiopod has the color of North America, which, in addition to being linked to the floating life of the brachiopod, may be similar to their geological age at the 5th stage of the Cambrian Period, At the same time, the South China plate at the Burghis shale biota at the time of Cambrian and the South China plate at the Keli biota are at the same latitude and so on. Finally, on the basis of the theory of modern ancient ecology, the author thinks that Carri's brachiopod has abundant ecological phenomena and burial features by using the theory of modern ancient ecology as the guide. Among them, brachiopod and jellyfish-like jellyfish bowl (Parrotadiscus), echinococcus sp., Gloeococus, large bivalve shell arthropods, Camrovitus, etc., have the coexistence of co-existence, co-burying, sessile base and so on. Acrothele specimens, which are preserved by two shells, indicate that the soft hinge joint part of the breast shellfish is too late to lose function and rot, and is not transported by long distance, so that it can be buried quickly to provide strong evidence to prove the rapid burial of the Keli biota.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q915
本文编号：2252820
[Abstract]:The third Cambrian (traditional Middle Cambrian) Kei biota in Guizhou, Guizhou, is located in the third part of the world's Burghis shale-type biota, which consists of 11 categories of more than 140 species of fossils, only after China's Yunnan Chenjiang biota and Canada's Burghis shale biota. Whether it belongs to the species number or the number of fossil specimens is the second largest category next to arthropods, it is an important animal category of the Kei biota. Based on the abundant brachiopod fossil materials in Keli Formation, the author carried out the research work in the following aspects and made obvious progress. First of all, in order to find out the composition and composition of the brachiopod group of Kei biota and even the whole Keli group, we use the ancient biological method of the system under the guidance of modern paleontology, to cross section of four sections of the three places (the Wuyi-Zeng Jiya and the seedling plate slope of the Sword River), The brachiopod was studied in the Keli Formation in the Keli Formation section of the Sanwan Keli Formation of Danzhai South and the Keli Formation in Zhenyuan, and the brachiopod of the whole Keli group belonged to 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 13 species, belonging to 2 sub-doors. comprises two uncertain species and six new species (two of which have been published), namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish type sub-door (Lingulwanmea Williams et al., 1996) 8 genera and 9 species, namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish Lingulella bynguanoensis RobersJell, 1990, the Taijiang scale tongue-shaped shellfish Linguiangensis Huang, Wang, Zhaodai, 1994, Burre Hall, Palaeobolus bretonensis Fisw, 1899, Arothele bohemica Barrande, 1990, Keli Mammy Tumida Hennessy MacKinnon, 1981, Father Patterina jianheensis sp. nov., 1981, Father of the Sword River (new species) Patterina juensis sp. nov., Trigonina balangia sp. nov., Micromitra sp., and Rynchonelliformea Williams et al., 1996) 3 genera and 4 species: Kutorginadengzhoniismao, zhao, wangtopper, 2017, tumor point Esubeisushiagransamiao, wangzhhao, 2014, ancient shell shellfish (undetermined species) eoconchasp. According to the composition and quantity of the brachiopod of Kei biota, the total number of Esubeissia is the core and contains two species, i.e., the total number of Asubeissiguizhouensis and the tumor site, Asubeismus iagranosa, and the total number of Esubeba specimens has reached 430 pieces. Among them, there are more than 170 species, two species, one new species, namely Bohemia's breast Beacrothelebohemica, and Kerethelekailisenspl.nov., a new species. In the third place, the number of samples in the third place is Beloaeobolus, the number of specimens is over 110, which belongs to only 1 species. In order to reduce the number of specimens, there are only one species, which is Linnerson Bellinnarsson, Father Belpatina, Paleo-shell Beeoconcha, Gu Debenkutororina, net-shaped Berdictyonina, scaly-tongue-shaped shellfish, small cap Bemicro litra and small tongue-shaped Berlingulella. Most of the genera are non-hinged, and some are hinge-type, which reflect the early Cambrian Period 3, and the hinge class has begun to increase significantly, and the tongue-shaped Belleville-type sub-gate does not occupy an important position during the Cambrian period. Secondly, by means of the distribution of brachiopod horizon, which is rich in the cross section of the two Keuli groups, which have been divided into three combinations: 1. nisciaguizhouensis-Bagaeobolusbretonensis assemblage; 2. patterinajensis-kutorginadengzhouensis assemblage; 3. acrothelehemica-acrothelekailiensis assemblage. These changes in the brachiopod are similar to the 3 points of the trilobite, and the changes of the brachiopod in the Keli group provide the basis for the study of the 5th order of the Cambrian. On the basis of the composition of brachiopod of different sections and the comparison and analysis of Bringis shale type biological group in different sections of the world. The Kei biota is the same as the brachiopod of the rest of the world's well-known Bolis shale-type biota, such as the 9 brachiopod of the Biota Biota of the Cambrian Period 2, and only one genus (kutororina) is the same as in the Keli biota. Of the six types of brachiopod in the Burgis shale biota of the 5th order of Cambrian, there are 4 genera (lingulella, pathina, microitra, nissia) which are similar to the brachiopod of the Keli biota. In contrast, the Cartier's brachiopod has the color of North America, which, in addition to being linked to the floating life of the brachiopod, may be similar to their geological age at the 5th stage of the Cambrian Period, At the same time, the South China plate at the Burghis shale biota at the time of Cambrian and the South China plate at the Keli biota are at the same latitude and so on. Finally, on the basis of the theory of modern ancient ecology, the author thinks that Carri's brachiopod has abundant ecological phenomena and burial features by using the theory of modern ancient ecology as the guide. Among them, brachiopod and jellyfish-like jellyfish bowl (Parrotadiscus), echinococcus sp., Gloeococus, large bivalve shell arthropods, Camrovitus, etc., have the coexistence of co-existence, co-burying, sessile base and so on. Acrothele specimens, which are preserved by two shells, indicate that the soft hinge joint part of the breast shellfish is too late to lose function and rot, and is not transported by long distance, so that it can be buried quickly to provide strong evidence to prove the rapid burial of the Keli biota.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q915
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