基于GMS的地下水水源地保护区划分研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 19:48

【摘要】：邹城市位于山东省西南部,是济宁市下辖的一个县级市。近年来,邹城市大量开采岩溶地下水用于工业生产及居民生活用水,区内的岩溶水开采量呈现逐年递增的趋势;主要开采单位都集中在侯庄—双村一带,已经形成较大范围的岩溶水水位降落漏斗。长此以往,极有可能造成一系列的环境地质问题。因此,亟需寻找新的岩溶地下水富集地段,作为城市供水的应急备用水源地,以保障居民生活用水和工业用水的需求。待备用水源地建成后,如何合理的开发利用和保护拟建应急备用水源地的地下水资源,如何划分拟建水源地的地下水保护区,以及通过何种措施来保障地下水的水量和水质,将成为一个迫在眉睫的问题。本文采用地下水数值模拟软件GMS,在对研究区的水文地质条件进行了充分的分析的基础上,建立了研究区地下水流数值模型,模型的模拟期为1991-2007年。对识别验证后的地下水均衡进行分析,研究区多年平均地下水补给资源量为1.55×108m3/a,补给模数为31.89×104m3/km2·a。其中,大气降水入渗补给量为0.91×108m3/a,是最主要的补给来源,其次是侧向流入补给,为0.35×108m3/a;主要排泄是潜水蒸发和水源地的集中开采,分别为0.55×108m3/a和0.57×108m3/a。模拟期内地下水整体处于负均衡状态,累积消耗储存量4128.8×104m3,其中岩溶含水层消耗储存量798.08×104m3。预测了三种拟建水源地规划开采方案下,水源地地下水位变化和储存量的变化。以方案三为例,岩溶地下水位在前五年的时间里持续下降,下降速率为2.97m/a,消耗的储存量占开采量的32.03%。五年后地下水位基本稳定,最终稳定在12.72m,达到动态平衡。开采量主要来源于潜水蒸发袭夺量(72.91%)、侧向流入激发量(10.58%)和储存消耗量(8.51%)。各开采方案均满足开采约束条件的要求,最终确定了拟建水源地的开采方案(方案三)和最大允许开采量(4.8×104m3/d)。分别采用公式法和数值法对拟建水源地进行了保护区划分,对两种方法的保护区划分结果进行了对比分析,得出数值法的划分结果较为准确、科学的结论,故本次研究采取数值法的保护区划分结果。最终确定的一级保护区面积1.27×104m2,二级保护区面积0.42km2,准保护区面积3.47km2。结合国家有关保护区划分的规范标准,给出了各级保护区的管理保护建议。
[Abstract]:Zoucheng, located in the southwest of Shandong Province, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jining City. In recent years, a large amount of karst groundwater has been exploited in Zoucheng City for industrial production and household water use. The karst water exploitation in this area has been increasing year by year, and the main mining units are concentrated in the area of Houzhuang and Shuangcun. A large area of karst water level has been formed. In the long run, it is very likely to cause a series of environmental geological problems. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new area of karst groundwater enrichment as the emergency reserve water source for urban water supply, so as to meet the needs of domestic and industrial water use. After the reserve water source is completed, how to reasonably develop and use and protect the groundwater resources of the proposed emergency reserve water source, how to divide the groundwater protection area of the proposed water source, and what measures can be taken to ensure the quantity and quality of groundwater, Will become an urgent problem. Based on the sufficient analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the study area, a numerical model of groundwater flow in the study area is established by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS,. The simulation period of the model is 1991-2007. The results show that the annual average groundwater recharge resource is 1.55 脳 108 m3 / a and the recharge modulus is 31.89 脳 104m3/km2 a. The precipitation infiltration recharge is 0.91 脳 108m3 / a, which is the main supply source, followed by lateral inflow recharge (0.35 脳 108m3a), the main excretion is phreatic evaporation and concentrated exploitation of water source, which are 0.55 脳 108m3/a and 0.57 脳 108m3 / a, respectively. During the simulation period, the groundwater is in a negative equilibrium state, and the accumulative consumption and storage capacity is 4128.8 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3, of which the karst aquifer consumption storage capacity is 798.08 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3. The changes of groundwater level and storage capacity of water sources are predicted under three planned exploitation schemes. Taking the third scheme as an example, the karst groundwater level has been decreasing continuously in the first five years, and the decreasing rate is 2.97 m / a, and the storage consumption accounts for 32.03% of the mining capacity. Five years later, the groundwater level was basically stable and finally stabilized at 12.72 m, reaching a dynamic balance. The extraction amount was mainly derived from evaporation attack (72.91%), lateral inflow excitation (10.58%) and storage consumption (8.51%). Each mining plan meets the requirements of mining constraints, and the mining scheme (scheme 3) and maximum allowable mining capacity (4. 8 脳 104m3/d) of the proposed water source are determined. The protection areas of the proposed water sources are divided by formula method and numerical method respectively, and the results of the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results of the numerical method are more accurate and scientific. Therefore, this research adopts the numerical method to divide the protected areas. The area of the first class reserve is 1.27 脳 10 ~ 4m ~ 2, the area of the second class reserve is 0.42km ~ 2, and the area of the quasi-protected area is 3.47km ~ 2. Combined with the national standard on the division of protected areas, the management and protection suggestions of protected areas at all levels are given.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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