济南泉域地区土地利用变化对降水入渗补给量的影响
发布时间：2018-10-11 11:10
【摘要】：计算降水入渗补给量是区域水资源评价的重要内容之一,而随着城市化加剧,土地利用/覆盖类型变化对降水入渗补给量的影响也日趋显著。济南是融山、水为一体的旅游城市,以趵突泉常年喷涌而闻名于世。随着社会经济的快速发展,济南市人口不断增加,城市化水平也不断提高,大规模开发利用地下水资源等一系列人类活动,造成地下水资源量减少,地下水位不断下降,泉水开始出现断流等一些系列问题,已严重破坏了济南地区地下水系统的自然平衡。而多年水位动态观测资料表明,岩溶水水位及泉水流量变化与大气降水量密切相关,而城市化进程的不断推进,伴随着建设用地的增加,不透水/弱透水地面面积不断增加,造成降水入渗补给面积不断减少,严重影响了降水入渗补给量。基于此,本文以研究课题《济南泉域水资源演化趋势》为依托,在充分分析研究区水文地质条件的基础上,利用3S技术分析济南泉域地区1985年、2000年、2015年土地利用/覆盖覆盖的演化规律,并结合济南市土地利用规划,利用CA-Markov模型对2030年土地利用类型进行预测,从而对降水入渗补给范围进行研究,借助WetSpass模型估算在土地利用/覆盖变化条件下济南岩溶地区降水入渗补给量,得出以下几点认识:1.研究区土地利用变化规律1985~2000年,耕地、水域和其他用地面积呈减少趋势,建设用地面积呈现快速增长趋势,而草地林地面积变化不大;2000~2015年,耕地、草地林地和水域面积均呈现减少趋势,而建设用地和其他用地则呈现增加的趋势;2015~2030年,耕地、草地林地、水域及建设用地面积与2000~2015年变化趋势相同,而其他用地所占面积基本不变。以上变化趋势说明城市化改变了土地利用类型,建设用地大面积增加,耕地等植被覆盖用地面积在不断减少。2.土地利用对降水入渗量的影响(1)不同土地利用类型下的降水入渗量研究区其他用地受植物截留和蒸腾的影响较小,降水入渗能力最强,植被覆盖区降水入渗能力次之,而不透水/弱透水地面及河流湖泊水面的降水入渗能力最弱。(2)土地利用/覆盖类型变化下降水入渗量的年际变化1985~2000年、2000~2015年、2015~2030年三个时段平均降水入渗量分别减少了5.27mm、1.19mm、2.14mm。造成这种现象的原因主要有两个方面,其一,随着城市化扩增,土地利用/覆盖类型发生了巨大变化,建设用地的增加,导致区域内不透水/弱透水地面不断增多,植被覆盖区及其他用地随之减少;其二,在济南泉域地区,降水高值区分布在东北区的济南城区,使得降水直接形成地表径流排入地下管道,严重影响了降水入渗量。
[Abstract]:The calculation of precipitation infiltration recharge is one of the important contents of regional water resources evaluation, and with the increasing urbanization, the effect of land use / cover type change on precipitation infiltration replenishment is becoming more and more significant. Jinan is a mountain, water as one of the tourist city, to Baotu Spring perennial spewing and world-famous. With the rapid development of social economy, the population of Jinan is increasing, and the level of urbanization is also increasing. A series of human activities, such as large-scale exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources, have resulted in the reduction of groundwater resources and the continuous decline of groundwater levels. A series of problems such as spring water breakage and so on have seriously damaged the natural balance of groundwater system in Jinan area. The dynamic observation data of water level for many years show that the changes of karst water level and spring water flow are closely related to the atmospheric precipitation, and with the increasing of construction land, the impermeable / weakly permeable surface area increases with the development of urbanization. As a result, the recharge area of precipitation infiltration is continuously reduced, which seriously affects the precipitation infiltration recharge. Based on this, based on the research topic "Water Resources Evolution trend in Jinan Spring region", the hydrogeological conditions in the study area are fully analyzed. The evolution of land use / cover in Jinan Spring region in 1985, 2000 and 2015 was analyzed by using 3s technology. Combining with the land use planning of Jinan City, the CA-Markov model was used to predict the land use types in 2030. Therefore, the range of precipitation infiltration recharge is studied, and the precipitation infiltration recharge in Jinan karst area under the condition of land use / cover change is estimated by means of WetSpass model, and the following conclusions are obtained: 1. From 1985 to 2000, the area of cultivated land, water area and other land in the study area showed a decreasing trend, while the area of construction land showed a rapid growth trend, but the area of grassland and woodland did not change much, and from 2000 to 2015, the area of cultivated land showed a tendency of rapid growth. The area of grassland woodland and water area showed a decreasing trend, while the area of construction land and other land showed an increasing trend, and the change trend of cultivated land, grassland forest land, water area and construction land area from 2015 to 2030 was the same as that from 2000 to 2015. The area occupied by other land use is basically unchanged. The above change trend indicates that urbanization has changed the land use type, the large area of construction land has increased, and the area of vegetation cover land such as cultivated land has been decreasing. 2. 2. The effects of land use on precipitation infiltration amount (1) other land use in different land use types is less affected by plant interception and transpiration, precipitation infiltration ability is the strongest, and precipitation infiltration ability in vegetation cover area is the second. The precipitation infiltration capacity of impermeable / weakly permeable surface and river and lake surface is the weakest. (2) the interannual variation of water infiltration volume in the three periods of land use / cover type change is from 1985 to 2000, from 2000 to 2015, from 2015 to 2030, the average precipitation infiltration volume decreases by 5.27 mm-1. 19 mm-1 / 2.14 mm. respectively. There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. First, with the expansion of urbanization, the types of land use / cover have changed greatly, and the increase of construction land has resulted in an increasing number of impermeable / weakly permeable land in the region. The vegetation cover area and other land use decrease along with it. Secondly, in Jinan spring region, the precipitation high value area distributes in the northeast area Jinan urban area, causes the precipitation to form the surface runoff to discharge directly into the underground pipeline, has seriously affected the precipitation infiltration amount.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.6
本文编号：2263974
[Abstract]:The calculation of precipitation infiltration recharge is one of the important contents of regional water resources evaluation, and with the increasing urbanization, the effect of land use / cover type change on precipitation infiltration replenishment is becoming more and more significant. Jinan is a mountain, water as one of the tourist city, to Baotu Spring perennial spewing and world-famous. With the rapid development of social economy, the population of Jinan is increasing, and the level of urbanization is also increasing. A series of human activities, such as large-scale exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources, have resulted in the reduction of groundwater resources and the continuous decline of groundwater levels. A series of problems such as spring water breakage and so on have seriously damaged the natural balance of groundwater system in Jinan area. The dynamic observation data of water level for many years show that the changes of karst water level and spring water flow are closely related to the atmospheric precipitation, and with the increasing of construction land, the impermeable / weakly permeable surface area increases with the development of urbanization. As a result, the recharge area of precipitation infiltration is continuously reduced, which seriously affects the precipitation infiltration recharge. Based on this, based on the research topic "Water Resources Evolution trend in Jinan Spring region", the hydrogeological conditions in the study area are fully analyzed. The evolution of land use / cover in Jinan Spring region in 1985, 2000 and 2015 was analyzed by using 3s technology. Combining with the land use planning of Jinan City, the CA-Markov model was used to predict the land use types in 2030. Therefore, the range of precipitation infiltration recharge is studied, and the precipitation infiltration recharge in Jinan karst area under the condition of land use / cover change is estimated by means of WetSpass model, and the following conclusions are obtained: 1. From 1985 to 2000, the area of cultivated land, water area and other land in the study area showed a decreasing trend, while the area of construction land showed a rapid growth trend, but the area of grassland and woodland did not change much, and from 2000 to 2015, the area of cultivated land showed a tendency of rapid growth. The area of grassland woodland and water area showed a decreasing trend, while the area of construction land and other land showed an increasing trend, and the change trend of cultivated land, grassland forest land, water area and construction land area from 2015 to 2030 was the same as that from 2000 to 2015. The area occupied by other land use is basically unchanged. The above change trend indicates that urbanization has changed the land use type, the large area of construction land has increased, and the area of vegetation cover land such as cultivated land has been decreasing. 2. 2. The effects of land use on precipitation infiltration amount (1) other land use in different land use types is less affected by plant interception and transpiration, precipitation infiltration ability is the strongest, and precipitation infiltration ability in vegetation cover area is the second. The precipitation infiltration capacity of impermeable / weakly permeable surface and river and lake surface is the weakest. (2) the interannual variation of water infiltration volume in the three periods of land use / cover type change is from 1985 to 2000, from 2000 to 2015, from 2015 to 2030, the average precipitation infiltration volume decreases by 5.27 mm-1. 19 mm-1 / 2.14 mm. respectively. There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. First, with the expansion of urbanization, the types of land use / cover have changed greatly, and the increase of construction land has resulted in an increasing number of impermeable / weakly permeable land in the region. The vegetation cover area and other land use decrease along with it. Secondly, in Jinan spring region, the precipitation high value area distributes in the northeast area Jinan urban area, causes the precipitation to form the surface runoff to discharge directly into the underground pipeline, has seriously affected the precipitation infiltration amount.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.6
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