青海加吾金矿地质灾害发育特征及危险性评价

发布时间：2018-10-13 12:15

【摘要】：i青海省同德县加吾金矿地处青藏高原东北部。因其特殊的自然地理、地貌与气候条件及现代矿床勘探、开采等工程活动影响,矿区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害(隐患)发育,对矿区的进一步勘探与开发造成严重影响。因此,了解与掌握矿区地质灾害发育及分布特征,开展地质灾害危险性评价,对矿区地质灾害防治、生态环境保护和资源的安全勘探开发,具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。在对加吾金矿区地质灾害调查基础上,结合矿区实际情况,采用层次分析法,建立适合加吾金矿区的地质灾害危险性评价的数学模型,并对其进行了灾害的危险性评价。主要取得以下成果:1、矿区在地形上属于强烈隆升中的青藏高原中-高山深切割区,属于典型的高原大陆型气候,以干旱、多风、冰冻期长、温差大为特点,且垂直分带明显;年均降水量为400-500mm,多集中于5~9月份;矿区出露地层以中三叠统隆务河群硬砂质长石—泥质细碎屑岩组(T2d)为主,其次为第三系(N)和第四系(Q);新近纪以来,受青藏高原挤压隆升影响,构造活动强烈,以NNW向和近EW向的断裂构造为主,褶皱次之;区内地下水径流排泄条件良好,地表风化强烈,岩土体松散破碎,工程性质差;矿区人类活动以矿产勘探与开发为主,主要集中在大小曲如沟、玛日当沟、龙压沟以及哇桑龙哇沟矿脉相对集中的地带。2、矿区主要地质灾害(隐患)为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,发育在人类工程活动较为集中的大小曲如沟、玛日当沟、龙压沟,以及哇桑龙哇沟中上游和区内矿脉分布的斜坡上。影响矿区地质灾害发生的主要因素有起伏剧烈的地形地貌因素、受强烈构造变形作用下松散的地层岩性条件,和发育的活动构造;诱发灾害的主要因素为每年5~9月份的强降雨、高原区频繁的地震活动,以及目前正在进行的矿床勘探开发等工程活动。3、以玛日当沟泥石流为典型,在分析泥石流发育主要影响因素的基础上,通过建立层次结构模型,构建判断矩阵,进行了泥石流发育危险性计算分析,并得出其发育的危险性等级为中等。4、结合矿区实际特点,运用层次分析法,对区内的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流地质灾害进行了危险性评价,并综合其评价结果对矿区进行了危险性分区。结果表明,玛日当沟为发生地质灾害的高危险性区;大小曲如沟为发生地质灾害的中等危险性区;大曲如沟到玛日当沟之间的高山区、玛日当沟到龙压沟之间的高山区、龙压沟到哇桑龙哇沟一带,为地质灾害低危险性发生区。5、根据地质灾害危险性评价结果,结合矿区勘探开发现状,对矿区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流地质灾害,提出了相应的防治方案和工程建议。并对矿产勘探过程中槽探、平硐等施工时可能诱发的渗水、塌方等工程事故,提出了相应的施工建议。
[Abstract]:I Jiawu Gold Mine in Tongde County, Qinghai Province is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of its special natural geography, geomorphological and climatic conditions, and the influence of engineering activities such as exploration and mining of modern ore deposits, the development of geological hazards (hidden dangers) such as collapse, landslide and debris flow in the mining area, it has a serious impact on the further exploration and development of the mining area. Therefore, we should understand and master the development and distribution characteristics of geological disasters in mining areas, carry out geological hazard risk assessment, prevent and control geological disasters in mining areas, protect the ecological environment and explore and develop resources safely. It has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value. Based on the investigation of geological hazards in Jiawu Gold Mine area and the actual situation of mining area, a mathematical model of geological hazard risk assessment suitable for Jiawu Gold Mine area is established by using AHP, and the hazard risk assessment is carried out. The main achievements are as follows: 1. The mining area belongs to the strong uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which belongs to the typical continental climate of the plateau, characterized by drought, windy, long freezing period, large temperature difference, and obvious vertical zonation; The average annual precipitation is 400-500mm, mostly concentrated in May and September. The exposed strata in the mining area are mainly composed of hard feldspar mudstone fine clastic rock formation (T2d) of the middle Triassic, followed by Tertiary (N) and Quaternary (Q);, which are affected by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since the Neogene. The tectonic activity is strong, mainly in the direction of NNW and near EW, followed by folds, the drainage condition of groundwater runoff in this area is good, the surface weathering is strong, the rock and soil are loosely broken, and the engineering properties are poor. The main human activities in the mining area are mineral exploration and development, mainly in the areas where the ore veins are relatively concentrated in the large and small Quru gully, Maridang gully, Longbugou and Wasanglongwa gully. 2. The main geological hazards (hidden dangers) in the mining area are collapse, landslide and debris flow. It is developed on the slopes of the distribution of ore veins in the upper middle and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully and the ore veins in the upper and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully and in the upper and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully. The main factors affecting the occurrence of geological disasters in the mining area are the topographic and geomorphological factors, the loose stratigraphic lithologic conditions under the action of strong tectonic deformation, and the developed active structures, and the main factors causing the disasters are the heavy rainfall in May and September each year. The frequent seismic activities in the plateau area, as well as the current engineering activities such as exploration and development of ore deposits. 3. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the development of debris flows, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the development of debris flows, with Mhardanggou debris flow as a typical example. The judgment matrix is constructed, the risk of debris flow development is calculated and analyzed, and the risk level of debris flow development is found to be moderate. 4. Combined with the actual characteristics of mining area, the collapse in the area is analyzed by AHP. The hazard assessment of landslide and debris flow geological hazard is carried out, and the dangerous zoning of mining area is carried out by synthesizing the evaluation results. The results show that the Majidang gully is a high risk area for geological hazards, the large and small qu Rugou is the middle risk area for geological hazards, the high mountain area between the majidang gully and the majidang gully, and the high mountain area between the majidang gully and the Longyan gully. The area from Longyagou to Wasanglongwagou is a low risk area for geological hazards. 5. According to the results of geological hazard assessment and combined with the present situation of exploration and development in mining areas, geological disasters such as collapses, landslides and debris flows in mining areas are studied. The corresponding prevention plan and engineering suggestion are put forward. The corresponding construction suggestions are put forward for engineering accidents such as water seepage and collapse which may be induced by trough exploration and adit construction in the process of mineral exploration.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694

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