淮北矿区高密度三维地震勘探岩性解释技术研究
发布时间：2018-10-16 21:55
【摘要】：淮北矿区的煤矿开采工作正向深部及构造复杂区域扩展,而现有的地质、常规地震勘探技术难以获取较为精确的地质构造、煤层赋存及顶底板的岩性变化特征,严重制约着淮北矿区煤炭工业的可持续发展。为了解决地质、常规三维地震难以解决但又严重危害煤炭生产的精细构造及岩性问题,本次研究对刘店煤矿106采区高密度三维地震数据进行特殊处理,尝试利用地震属性、谱分解、地震相分析、地震反演及各向异性等多种岩性解释技术对研究区的复杂构造及岩性问题进行解释,取得了一定的效果。鉴于常规三维地震勘探通常采用二维地震勘探的解释方法,即主要利用地震剖面进行解释。为此,建立了断层模型并进行地震数值模拟,从理论剖面中提取了多种地震属性,分析总结了地震属性的特征,为实现全三维解释奠定了基础。在实际地震资料解释过程中,首先提取了目的层的地震属性切片,并根据地震属性特征判定构造异常,然后利用地震属性切片与地震剖面对精细构造进行联合解释。针对岩浆岩侵入煤层问题,首先对比分析了正常煤层、岩浆岩(天然焦)及煤层顶底板的物性差异;然后利用基于波阻抗与电性差异的多参数岩性反演方法、基于频谱差异的谱分解方法、基于波形差异的地震相分析方法,分别圈定了岩浆岩侵入煤层的范围;最后应用三种方法的解释成果,以多参数岩性反演结果为主,辅助谱分解、地震相分析结果,并综合地质钻孔资料,确定了煤层的岩浆岩(天然焦)分布范围。对于煤层瓦斯富集问题,首先从不同方位偏移数据体提取了四种地震属性,利用地震属性计算了煤层的裂隙发育方向及密度,其裂隙发育特征与研究区构造相吻合;然后利用不同角度(偏移距)的地震信息获得波阻抗数据体,使用煤体结构比例因子P值圈定构造煤发育带;最后综合煤层裂隙发育程度和构造煤发育带对瓦斯富集异常进行综合评判。相对于常规三维地震勘探,高密度三维地震对精细构造,特别是小断层的解释更加准确,矿井地质资料的验证率有明显提高;利用多种地震岩性信息确定煤层的岩浆岩(天然焦)分布范围和瓦斯富集异常区域,其分辨能力和可靠程度远高于传统地质手段。
[Abstract]:The coal mining work in Huaibei mining area is spreading to the deep and complicated structural areas. However, the existing geology and conventional seismic exploration technology are difficult to obtain more accurate geological structure, the occurrence of coal seam and the lithologic change characteristics of roof and floor. It seriously restricts the sustainable development of coal industry in Huaibei mining area. In order to solve the geological problems, it is difficult to solve the problem of fine structure and lithology which is difficult to solve by conventional 3D earthquake, but seriously endangers the coal production. In this study, the high-density 3D seismic data in No. 106 mining area of Liudian Coal Mine were specially processed, and the seismic attributes were tried to be used. Some lithologic interpretation techniques, such as spectral decomposition, seismic facies analysis, seismic inversion and anisotropy, have been applied to the interpretation of complex structures and lithologic problems in the study area. In view of the conventional 3D seismic exploration, the interpretation method of two-dimensional seismic exploration is usually used, that is, the seismic section is mainly used for interpretation. For this reason, the fault model is established and the seismic numerical simulation is carried out. A variety of seismic attributes are extracted from the theoretical section, and the characteristics of the seismic attributes are analyzed and summarized, which lays a foundation for the full 3D interpretation. In the process of actual seismic data interpretation, the seismic attribute slice of the target layer is extracted firstly, and the structural anomaly is judged according to the seismic attribute characteristics, and then the fine structure is interpreted jointly by seismic attribute slice and seismic section. Aiming at the problem of magmatic rock intruding into coal seam, the physical property difference of normal coal seam, magmatic rock (natural coke) and coal seam roof and floor is analyzed, and then the multi-parameter lithology inversion method based on wave impedance and electrical difference is used. Spectral decomposition method based on spectral difference, seismic facies analysis method based on waveform difference, delineate the range of magmatic rock intrusion into coal seam, and finally apply the interpretation results of three methods, the main result of multi-parameter lithology inversion, auxiliary spectrum decomposition, The distribution range of magmatic rock (natural coke) in coal seam is determined by seismic facies analysis and geological borehole data. For the problem of gas enrichment in coal seam, four kinds of seismic attributes are extracted from different azimuth migration data bodies, and the fracture development direction and density of coal seam are calculated by using seismic attributes, and the fracture development characteristics are consistent with the structure of the study area. Then the seismic information of different angles (offset) is used to obtain the wave impedance data body, and the coal structure ratio factor P value is used to delineate the tectonic coal development zone. Finally, comprehensive evaluation of gas enrichment anomaly is carried out by synthesizing fracture development degree of coal seam and tectonic coal development zone. Compared with conventional 3D seismic exploration, high-density 3D seismic interpretation of fine structures, especially small faults is more accurate, and the verification rate of mine geological data is obviously improved. The range of magmatic rock (natural coke) distribution and gas enrichment anomaly area of coal seam are determined by using various seismic lithologic information. The resolution ability and reliability degree are much higher than those of traditional geological means.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
本文编号：2275741
[Abstract]:The coal mining work in Huaibei mining area is spreading to the deep and complicated structural areas. However, the existing geology and conventional seismic exploration technology are difficult to obtain more accurate geological structure, the occurrence of coal seam and the lithologic change characteristics of roof and floor. It seriously restricts the sustainable development of coal industry in Huaibei mining area. In order to solve the geological problems, it is difficult to solve the problem of fine structure and lithology which is difficult to solve by conventional 3D earthquake, but seriously endangers the coal production. In this study, the high-density 3D seismic data in No. 106 mining area of Liudian Coal Mine were specially processed, and the seismic attributes were tried to be used. Some lithologic interpretation techniques, such as spectral decomposition, seismic facies analysis, seismic inversion and anisotropy, have been applied to the interpretation of complex structures and lithologic problems in the study area. In view of the conventional 3D seismic exploration, the interpretation method of two-dimensional seismic exploration is usually used, that is, the seismic section is mainly used for interpretation. For this reason, the fault model is established and the seismic numerical simulation is carried out. A variety of seismic attributes are extracted from the theoretical section, and the characteristics of the seismic attributes are analyzed and summarized, which lays a foundation for the full 3D interpretation. In the process of actual seismic data interpretation, the seismic attribute slice of the target layer is extracted firstly, and the structural anomaly is judged according to the seismic attribute characteristics, and then the fine structure is interpreted jointly by seismic attribute slice and seismic section. Aiming at the problem of magmatic rock intruding into coal seam, the physical property difference of normal coal seam, magmatic rock (natural coke) and coal seam roof and floor is analyzed, and then the multi-parameter lithology inversion method based on wave impedance and electrical difference is used. Spectral decomposition method based on spectral difference, seismic facies analysis method based on waveform difference, delineate the range of magmatic rock intrusion into coal seam, and finally apply the interpretation results of three methods, the main result of multi-parameter lithology inversion, auxiliary spectrum decomposition, The distribution range of magmatic rock (natural coke) in coal seam is determined by seismic facies analysis and geological borehole data. For the problem of gas enrichment in coal seam, four kinds of seismic attributes are extracted from different azimuth migration data bodies, and the fracture development direction and density of coal seam are calculated by using seismic attributes, and the fracture development characteristics are consistent with the structure of the study area. Then the seismic information of different angles (offset) is used to obtain the wave impedance data body, and the coal structure ratio factor P value is used to delineate the tectonic coal development zone. Finally, comprehensive evaluation of gas enrichment anomaly is carried out by synthesizing fracture development degree of coal seam and tectonic coal development zone. Compared with conventional 3D seismic exploration, high-density 3D seismic interpretation of fine structures, especially small faults is more accurate, and the verification rate of mine geological data is obviously improved. The range of magmatic rock (natural coke) distribution and gas enrichment anomaly area of coal seam are determined by using various seismic lithologic information. The resolution ability and reliability degree are much higher than those of traditional geological means.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
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