云南半坡地区遥感影像地质特征信息提取及成矿预测

发布时间：2018-10-18 19:24

【摘要】：成矿预测是在已知的地质环境中找有利的地层岩性、岩浆-热液活动信息、有利的构造部位,综合分析以后划定某些区段成矿的可能性。目前成矿预测方法包括趋势外推法、归纳法、类比法和综合方法等,遥感成矿预测作为一种新技术,具有快速勘察评价区域矿产资源的优势,如何有效进行成矿预测是现阶段的研究热点和难点。本文在分析研究区域成矿地质条件和矿产分布规律的基础上,利用多种遥感信息处理技术,提取蚀变异常信息,圈定成矿靶区,并与野外调查结果进行对比,分析其可行性。论文首先根据研究区地貌特征、基岩出露情况、地质构造复杂程度,结合矿产探测资料,充分利用前人研究成果资料,分析研究区内成矿条件及其分布规律；第二步,分析遥感影像特征,利用波段融合、对比度增强、滤波等图像增强处理方法,建立遥感解译标志,对研究区的岩性地层、侵入岩和地质构造进行解译；第三步,采用主成分分析和光谱角填图技术对ASTER数据进行蚀变异常信息提取,重点提取铁染和羟基蚀变信息,去除水体植被等干扰,确定与成矿相关的遥感异常信息；最后,对遥感异常进行了分级处理,圈定成矿靶区,并进行野外查证,同时分析评价其分布特征,为下一步矿产工作及重点靶区的选择提供信息支撑。
[Abstract]:Metallogenic prediction is to find favorable stratigraphic lithology, magmatic hydrothermal activity information, favorable tectonic position in the known geological environment, and to comprehensively analyze the possibility of delineating some sections of metallogenic formation after comprehensive analysis. The present metallogenic prediction methods include trend extrapolation method, induction method, analogy method and comprehensive method. As a new technology, remote sensing metallogenic prediction has the advantages of rapid prospecting and evaluation of regional mineral resources. How to effectively carry out metallogenic prediction is a hot and difficult point at the present stage. Based on the analysis of regional metallogenic geological conditions and the distribution of mineral resources, this paper uses a variety of remote sensing information processing techniques to extract altered anomaly information, delineate the metallogenic target area, and compare with the results of field investigation to analyze its feasibility. Firstly, according to the geomorphological characteristics of the study area, the outburst of bedrock, the complexity of geological structure, combined with the mineral exploration data, the paper makes full use of the previous research results to analyze the metallogenic conditions and their distribution in the study area. Analyzing the characteristics of remote sensing images, using image enhancement processing methods such as band fusion, contrast enhancement, filtering and so on, to establish remote sensing interpretation marks to interpret lithologic strata, intrusive rocks and geological structures in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral angle mapping are used to extract the abnormal alteration information from ASTER data. The information of iron stain and hydroxyl alteration is extracted, the disturbance of water vegetation is removed, and the remote sensing anomaly information related to mineralization is determined. The remote sensing anomalies are classified, the ore-forming targets are delineated, the field inspection is carried out, and the distribution characteristics are analyzed and evaluated, which provides information support for the next step of mineral work and the selection of key target areas.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P627

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