微地震信号自动检测及震源扫描分割矩阵反演方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 12:12

【摘要】：微地震监测是以声发射学和地震学为基础的地球物理新方法,主要应用于油气田开发、矿山地质灾害监测和工程建设选址等工程领域。本论文在系统研读剖析微地震监测文献资料与相关研究工作成果基础上,开展了以震源扫描分割矩阵算法反演方法研究为重点,兼顾微地震正演模拟、微地震信号自动检测(事件识别与走时参数拾取)的方法理论学习和算法程序实现,以及实测资料处理与工程应用实践等工作。编程实现了水平层状介质快速两点间射线追踪算法微地震数值模拟正演分析软件。其中包括三维水平层状介质射线追踪、微地震记录三分量合成和噪音添加子程序。基于同一微地震事件信号在各记录道上具有一定相似性的准则和运用波形互相关法,进一步完成了微地震信号自动检测方法软件编程工作。论文针对分割矩阵算法快速求解最优化问题的方法进行了深入剖析和跟踪研究,认识到搜索空间的划分和潜在最优空间的识别是该方法的核心技术,在此基础上进一步实现了分割矩阵算法震源参数扫描反演程序设计。理论模型和实测微地震数据反演测试结果表明,该算法收敛速度较快,反演精度高。通过地面监测、井下(竖直井、斜井、弯井)以及地-井监测等多个模型的正演测试,验证了所编正演程序的正确性和高效性。此外,本论文特别注意到地表近水平面微地震监测情况下,震源定位结果中的Z坐标精度(埋深和标高)通常没有X、Y坐标精度高的事实,提出应借助起伏地形环境,将地面监测接收器站点布设在高差合理错落的起伏地形之上的新思路,对山地环境地面微地震监测震源参数反演精度有一定提高。并且这一微地震监测地面观测系统理念,可采用“地面接收器+锥探孔接收器”组合测站模式,进而有效提高近水平面地形环境微地震监测地质效能与震源定位精度。论文在上述工作基础上就实测微地震数据处理与反演进行了相应工作,并取得了一定成果。
[Abstract]:Microseismic monitoring is a new geophysical method based on acoustic emission and seismology, which is mainly used in the fields of oil and gas field development, mine geological hazard monitoring and engineering construction site selection. On the basis of systematic study and analysis of microseismic monitoring literature and related research results, this paper focuses on the inversion method of focal scanning partitioning matrix algorithm, and takes microseismic forward modeling into account. The method of automatic detection of microseismic signal (event identification and walking time parameter pick-up) is studied and realized in theory and algorithm, as well as the processing of measured data and the practice of engineering application. The forward analysis software of micro-seismic numerical simulation for fast two-point ray tracing algorithm in horizontal layered medium is developed. It includes three dimensional horizontal layered medium ray tracing, three component synthesis of microseismic records and noise adding subroutine. Based on the criterion that the same microseismic event signal has certain similarity on every track and the waveform cross-correlation method is used, the software programming of automatic detection method of microseismic signal is further completed. In this paper, the method of fast solving optimization problem based on partitioning matrix algorithm is deeply analyzed and tracked. It is recognized that the partition of search space and the recognition of potential optimal space are the core technologies of this method. On this basis, the program design of source parameter scanning inversion based on partitioning matrix algorithm is further realized. The experimental results of theoretical model and measured microseismic data show that the algorithm converges quickly and has high inversion accuracy. The correctness and efficiency of the program are verified by the forward modeling tests of surface monitoring, downhole (vertical well, inclined well, curved well) and ground-well monitoring. In addition, this paper pays special attention to the fact that the Z coordinate accuracy (buried depth and elevation) in the focal location results is usually not high in the case of surface near-horizontal micro-seismic monitoring. It is suggested that the relief terrain environment should be used. The new idea of placing the ground monitoring receiver station on the undulating terrain with reasonable height difference can improve the inversion accuracy of the focal parameters of the ground micro-seismic monitoring in the mountainous environment. The concept of micro-seismic monitoring ground observation system can adopt the combined station model of "ground receiver cone-hole probe receiver", which can effectively improve the geological efficiency and focal location accuracy of micro-seismic monitoring in near-horizontal terrain environment. On the basis of the above work, the paper has carried on the corresponding work on the processing and inversion of the measured microseismic data, and has obtained certain results.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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