潍坊市北部地下水漏斗区含水层调蓄库容与调蓄能力研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 16:47

【摘要】：近年来,由于过量开采地下水,潍坊市北部地区形成了大范围的地下水降落漏斗,而漏斗区产生了连续的储水空间。地下水漏斗区容易引起地面沉降、地面裂缝、海咸水入侵、水环境污染等环境地质灾害及生态环境破坏现象,同时,由于地下水位持续下降,很容易加速地表污水的下渗速度,加剧地下水的污染程度。然而,我们可以充分利用这些空间,兴建地下水库,在丰水期储存水资源,在枯水期调用水资源,实现丰补枯采。这样,既能控制地下水位下降趋势,遏制降落漏斗的发展;又能充分储存利用水资源,减少由于地表水库中的水资源暴露于地表由蒸发引起的大量浪费。本研究通过收集潍坊市北部社会经济状况、自然地理概况、地下水超采状况、水文地质条件等资料,分析研究区地质构造,划分水文地质单元。同时,选取研究区有代表性的钻孔,绘制水文地质剖面图,来刻画地下含水层的空间分布状态。然后根据土壤粒级将地下空间划分为透水层、弱透水层和不透水层。其中,透水层再细分为潜水含水层、微承压水含水层和承压水含水层。最后,利用松散岩型地下水调蓄公式计算研究区调蓄库容。地下水库的库容是指地下水库有效储水部分的空隙体积,库容计算仅考虑这些空间储存重力水的体积,不包括介质的体积。本文采用三种方法计算研究区调蓄库容,并进行分析比较。本研究还借助GMS空间建模,绘制地下水库三维实体模型。可以得出,潍坊调蓄区段内地下水补给源条件及调蓄条件良好,具有很好的储蓄水能力。研究区的调蓄库容为10.68亿m3,可开采量为8.54亿m3。本研究为潍坊市利用地下空间储存水资源提供了数据保障。利用地下空间调蓄径流的基本原理是在枯水期及枯水季节利用地下储存水量,抽取超出天然径流量的地下水,腾出地下储水空间(即地下水库调蓄库容),从而获取枯水期及枯水年所需要的水资源;而在丰水期再通过天然回灌或人工补给,把地下储水空间重新填满,补充恢复地下水资源量。通过建立地下水库调蓄能力综合评价指标体系,对指标体系进行灰色关联分析,将指标精简为七个来评价地下水库调蓄能力。七个指标分别为:最大调蓄库容、调蓄层导水系数、现状条件下库区多年平均降水总量、现状条件库区多年平均河川径流总量、现状条件地下水多年平均可开采资源量、含水层单井涌水量、现状条件多年平均地下水补给资源量。然后采用投影寻踪方法对潍北区寿光、寒亭、昌邑评价其调蓄能力。最后,对地下水库蓄水效益进行分析。利用地下水库蓄水,同时具备经济效益、资源效益、环境效益和社会效益。本研究为潍坊市地下水利用提供了技术支撑。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to excessive exploitation of groundwater, a large area of groundwater drop funnel has been formed in the northern area of Weifang City, and a continuous water storage space has been generated in the funnel area. Groundwater funnel area is easy to cause ground subsidence, ground cracks, sea salt water invasion, water environment pollution and other environmental disasters and ecological environmental damage phenomenon. At the same time, due to the continuous decline of groundwater level, it is easy to accelerate the infiltration rate of surface sewage. Increase the level of groundwater pollution. However, we can make full use of these spaces to build underground reservoirs, to store water resources in high water periods, and to transfer water resources in dry seasons to realize abundant and dry mining. In this way, not only the downward trend of groundwater level can be controlled, the development of falling funnel can be restrained, but also the water resources can be fully stored and utilized, and a large amount of waste caused by evaporation can be reduced due to the exposure of water resources in surface reservoirs to the surface. This study analyzed the geological structure of the study area and divided the hydrogeological units by collecting the data of social economy, natural geography, groundwater overexploitation and hydrogeological conditions in the northern part of Weifang. At the same time, the representative boreholes in the study area are selected to draw hydrogeological profiles to depict the spatial distribution of underground aquifers. Then the underground space is divided into permeable layer, weak permeable layer and impervious layer according to soil grain level. Among them, the permeable layer is subdivided into submersible aquifer, microconfined aquifer and confined water aquifer. Finally, the storage capacity of the study area is calculated by using the loose rock groundwater storage formula. The reservoir capacity of underground reservoir refers to the void volume of the effective water storage part of underground reservoir. The calculation of reservoir capacity only considers the volume of gravity water stored in these spaces excluding the volume of medium. In this paper, three methods are used to calculate the storage capacity of the studied area and to analyze and compare it. The 3D solid model of underground reservoir is also drawn by GMS spatial modeling. It can be concluded that the recharge and storage conditions of groundwater in Weifang section are good and have good water storage capacity. The storage capacity of the study area is 1.068 billion m3 and the recoverable capacity is 854 million m3. This research provides the data guarantee for Weifang city to use underground space to store water resources. The basic principle of using underground space to regulate runoff is to use underground storage water during dry season and dry season to extract groundwater that exceeds natural runoff. To free up the underground water storage space (that is, the storage capacity of the underground reservoir) so as to obtain the water resources needed during the dry season and the dry year; and to refill the underground water storage space through natural recharge or artificial recharge during the high water season, Replenish the amount of groundwater resources to be restored. Through the establishment of the comprehensive evaluation index system of the underground reservoir storage capacity, the grey relational analysis of the index system is carried out, and the index is reduced to seven to evaluate the underground reservoir regulation and storage capacity. The seven indexes are as follows: maximum storage capacity, reservoir conductivity, annual average precipitation in the reservoir area under current conditions, total annual average river runoff in the reservoir area under current conditions, and annual average recoverable resource amount of groundwater in current condition. Single well discharge of aquifer, current condition, annual average groundwater recharge resource. Then the projection pursuit method was used to evaluate the storage capacity of Shouguang, Hanting and Changyi in Weibei District. Finally, the water storage efficiency of underground reservoir is analyzed. Using underground reservoir to store water has economic benefit, resource benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit at the same time. This study provides technical support for groundwater utilization in Weifang.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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