滑坡监测系统在北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测中的应用

发布时间：2018-10-20 19:19

【摘要】：为有效地监测海岛山体滑坡,找到滑坡的诱发因素,以达到海岛地区防灾减灾的目的。本文以北长山岛为例,针对采石引起的滑坡,利用GPS、三维激光扫描、无人机遥感、位移传感器4种滑坡监测方法,联合建立了北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测系统。通过对比分析这4种方法发现,在三维激光扫描点云数据密集的滑坡体中、下部选择三维激光扫描获取的滑坡体形态数据,在点云数据稀疏的滑坡体上部选择无人机遥测获取的滑坡体形态数据,精确获取了不同时期滑坡体的挖方量、滑移量;位移传感器获取的实时位移监测数据可得到滑坡体的实时滑移动态,发现在其监测数据突变时滑坡存在滑动的风险。研究还发现采石和降雨是引起山后村滑坡体滑移的两个最重要因素,采石导致滑坡体体积整体减小,降雨导致滑坡体上部拉张加速并引起碎石滑塌。由于监测区环境条件的限制,该系统只能进行滑坡体的表面变形监测。研究成果可为其他海岛滑坡的监测乃至预警提供借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:In order to monitor island landslide effectively and find out the inducing factors of landslide, the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation in island area can be achieved. Aiming at the landslide caused by quarrying in the north of Changshan Island, a landslide monitoring system in Houcun village of North Changshan Island is established by using four landslide monitoring methods: GPS, 3D laser scanning, UAV remote sensing and displacement sensor. Through comparative analysis of these four methods, it is found that in the landslide with dense point cloud data, the lower part of the landslide is selected from 3D laser scanning, which is obtained by 3D laser scanning. In the upper part of the landslide with sparse point cloud data, the landslide shape data obtained by UAV telemetry are selected to accurately obtain the excavations and slippages of the landslide in different periods. The real-time displacement monitoring data obtained by displacement sensor can obtain the real-time slip dynamics of landslide body, and it is found that the landslide has the risk of sliding when the monitoring data change. It is also found that quarrying and rainfall are the two most important factors that cause slippage of landslide body in Shanhou village. Quarrying results in the overall decrease of landslide body volume and rainfall leads to the extension of the upper part of the landslide body to accelerate and the gravel to collapse. Due to the limitation of environmental conditions in the monitoring area, the system can only monitor the surface deformation of landslide body. The research results can be used for reference and reference for the monitoring and early warning of other island landslides.
【作者单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋工程与测绘研究中心;烟台海洋环境监测预报中心;国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室;
【基金】：国家海洋公益性行业专项——我国典型海岛地质灾害监测及预警示范研究(201005010) 中央级公益科研院所基本研究基金项目:海洋粘性土微结构的差异及其成因研究——以南黄海中部与浙闽近岸泥质区粘性土为例(GY0213G04)
【分类号】：P642.22

【参考文献】