内蒙古扎赉诺尔矿区晚更新统一全新统地层及其孢粉组合揭示的环境特征
发布时间：2018-10-21 08:48
【摘要】：扎赉诺尔东露天矿区第四纪沉积是我国东北地区唯一一个关于晚更新世河湖发育演化地层剖面。由于长期的露天开采,使得地层出露清楚并可进行较大范围的追踪对比,同时,地层相变清晰,保存有丰富的文化遗迹(被称为“扎赉诺尔文化层”)和大量的哺乳动物化石,这些化石的发现为人们了解晚更新世时期动物的进化及其古气候环境的有序变化之间的关系提供了及其重要的线索,是研究动物化石和气候环境演化的理想剖面。基于孢粉分析方法建立的气候环境变化和年代序列为参照系,结合对我国东北地区的实地考察,我们对内蒙古自治区呼伦湖盆地东北侧扎赉诺尔地区东露天矿上覆第四纪晚期厚度为1396cm的剖面地层进行采样,共获取189个样品。本文对我国出土最早、最完整猛犸象化石的河流相沉积及上覆部分地层形成的时代及50个样品进行了孢粉组合分析。结果发现:含猛犸象(我们在采样过程中也发现了披毛犀、野牛化石)的典型河流相沉积形成于距今51.3±2.1至26.6±1.2ka BP(OSL年代),之后发生沉积间断,直到距今13.55ka BP开始新的河湖相-沼泽相沉积。根据沉积特征判断,河流相沉积过程在距今26ka结束后至13.55ka BP该区可能处于气下环境,没有接受沉积但也没有遭受明显的侵蚀—剥蚀作用,这可能与该时段处于末次冰盛期、地表为苔原环境的原因。尽管河流沉积相中一般难于保存孢粉化石,我们还是获得了一定的孢粉样品,分析结果显示扎赉诺尔东露天矿区植被经历了典型草原植被--针叶疏林草原植被--桦木灌木草原--以桦为主的疏林草原—苔原疏林草原的演替过程。古植被揭示了研究区气温降低,湿度减小的环境变化过程,同时,A/C比值的不断减少有力地也证实了研究区气候环境不断变干的环境演化特征。猛犸象—披毛犀(Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna)是我国北方晚更新世代表动物群,其死亡原因一直困扰着学术界。随着冰河期的结束,全球气候发生剧烈的变化,到底是由于原始人类的过渡捕杀还是气候突变造成的猛犸象灭绝至今没有可以令人类信服的定论,虽然目前后者占有主要影响。但仍需要通过大量地不同指标(比如湖底沉积物、微体化石等)去证实这一说法。
[Abstract]:Quaternary sediments in the eastern open pit area of Zalaianole are the only stratigraphic profiles of the late Pleistocene river and lake evolution in northeast China. As a result of long-term open-pit mining, the strata are exposed clearly and can be traced and contrasted over a large area. At the same time, the formation has a clear phase transition and is rich in cultural relics (known as the "Zhalainul cultural layer") and a large number of mammal fossils. The discovery of these fossils provides an important clue for people to understand the relationship between the evolution of animals during the late Pleistocene and the orderly changes of paleoclimate environment, and is an ideal profile for studying the evolution of animal fossils and climatic environments. Based on the method of sporopollen analysis, the climatic and environmental changes and chronological sequence are taken as reference frame, and the field investigation of Northeast China is carried out. A total of 189 samples were obtained from the stratigraphic section of the East Open-pit mine in the eastern open pit area of Jhalainor area northeast of Hulunhu Basin in Inner Mongolia. The thickness of 1396cm in the late Quaternary period was measured. In this paper, the ages and 50 samples of fluvial sedimentary and overlying strata of the earliest and most complete mammoth fossils unearthed in China were analyzed. The results showed that typical fluvial facies containing mammoths (which were also found in the sampling process) were formed in the age of 51. 3 卤2. 1 to 26. 6 卤1.2ka BP (OSL. Until the beginning of 13.55ka BP, a new fluvial and lacustrine facies-marsh facies deposits. According to the sedimentary characteristics, the fluvial facies deposition process from the end of 26ka to the 13.55ka BP area may be in the atmosphere environment, not accept the deposition, but also did not suffer from obvious erosion and denudation, which may be in the last ice peak period. The reason for the tundra environment. Although it is generally difficult to preserve sporopollen fossils in fluvial sedimentary facies, we have obtained certain sporopollen samples. The results show that the vegetation in the eastern open pit mine area of Zhalaanole has experienced the succession process of typical steppe vegetation, coniferous thinning forest grassland vegetation, birch shrub grassland, birch shrub steppe, thinly forest grassland dominated by birch and tundra thinly forested steppe. Paleovegetation reveals the environmental change process of temperature and humidity decrease in the study area. Meanwhile, the decreasing of the ratio of A / C has also confirmed the environmental evolution characteristics of the climate and environment of the study area. Mammoth-woolly rhinoceros (Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna) is the representative fauna of the late Pleistocene in northern China. With the end of the ice age, the global climate has changed dramatically, whether the mammoth extinction caused by the excessive hunting of primitive humans or the sudden change of climate has not been a convincing conclusion yet, although the latter has the main influence at present. But it still needs to be corroborated by a number of different indicators, such as lake sediments, microfossils, etc.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P534.63;Q914
本文编号：2284593
[Abstract]:Quaternary sediments in the eastern open pit area of Zalaianole are the only stratigraphic profiles of the late Pleistocene river and lake evolution in northeast China. As a result of long-term open-pit mining, the strata are exposed clearly and can be traced and contrasted over a large area. At the same time, the formation has a clear phase transition and is rich in cultural relics (known as the "Zhalainul cultural layer") and a large number of mammal fossils. The discovery of these fossils provides an important clue for people to understand the relationship between the evolution of animals during the late Pleistocene and the orderly changes of paleoclimate environment, and is an ideal profile for studying the evolution of animal fossils and climatic environments. Based on the method of sporopollen analysis, the climatic and environmental changes and chronological sequence are taken as reference frame, and the field investigation of Northeast China is carried out. A total of 189 samples were obtained from the stratigraphic section of the East Open-pit mine in the eastern open pit area of Jhalainor area northeast of Hulunhu Basin in Inner Mongolia. The thickness of 1396cm in the late Quaternary period was measured. In this paper, the ages and 50 samples of fluvial sedimentary and overlying strata of the earliest and most complete mammoth fossils unearthed in China were analyzed. The results showed that typical fluvial facies containing mammoths (which were also found in the sampling process) were formed in the age of 51. 3 卤2. 1 to 26. 6 卤1.2ka BP (OSL. Until the beginning of 13.55ka BP, a new fluvial and lacustrine facies-marsh facies deposits. According to the sedimentary characteristics, the fluvial facies deposition process from the end of 26ka to the 13.55ka BP area may be in the atmosphere environment, not accept the deposition, but also did not suffer from obvious erosion and denudation, which may be in the last ice peak period. The reason for the tundra environment. Although it is generally difficult to preserve sporopollen fossils in fluvial sedimentary facies, we have obtained certain sporopollen samples. The results show that the vegetation in the eastern open pit mine area of Zhalaanole has experienced the succession process of typical steppe vegetation, coniferous thinning forest grassland vegetation, birch shrub grassland, birch shrub steppe, thinly forest grassland dominated by birch and tundra thinly forested steppe. Paleovegetation reveals the environmental change process of temperature and humidity decrease in the study area. Meanwhile, the decreasing of the ratio of A / C has also confirmed the environmental evolution characteristics of the climate and environment of the study area. Mammoth-woolly rhinoceros (Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna) is the representative fauna of the late Pleistocene in northern China. With the end of the ice age, the global climate has changed dramatically, whether the mammoth extinction caused by the excessive hunting of primitive humans or the sudden change of climate has not been a convincing conclusion yet, although the latter has the main influence at present. But it still needs to be corroborated by a number of different indicators, such as lake sediments, microfossils, etc.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P534.63;Q914
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 张宝林,王春鹤,淳于树菊,宋长春,王瑞山,刘福涛;大、小兴安岭北部晚更新世以来多年冻土演变与砂金成矿的关系[J];冰川冻土;1996年S1期
2 杨东;方小敏;彭子成;李吉均;;陇西六盘山黄土及最近1.8Ma B.P.以来的构造运动与气候变化[J];地理科学;2006年02期
3 张佳华,孔昭宸,杜乃秋;主成分分析对恢复过去植被和环境作用的再分析——以北京坟庄剖面为例[J];地理科学;1997年04期
4 许清海,李月丛,阳小兰,郑振华;北方草原区主要群落类型表土花粉分析[J];地理研究;2005年03期
5 施雅风,于革;40～30ka B.P.中国暖湿气候和海侵的特征与成因探讨[J];第四纪研究;2003年01期
6 卢演俦;沉积物的光释光(OSL)测年简介[J];地质地球化学;1990年01期
7 秦伯强,S.P.Harrison,于革,P.E.Tarasov,B.Damnati;末次盛冰期以来全球湿润状况的地质证据──全球古湖泊数据库及其湖水位变化的大尺度时空分析[J];湖泊科学;1997年03期
8 王建华;周洋;郑卓;丘元僖;张珂;邓韫;梁致荣;杨小强;;杭州湾晚第四纪沉积与古环境演变[J];古地理学报;2006年04期
9 裴文中;;广西柳城巨猿洞及其他山洞的第四纪哺乳动物[J];古脊椎动物与古人类;1962年03期
10 董为,徐钦琦,金昌柱,李毅;东北地区第四纪大型食草类动物群的演替及其与古气候的关系[J];古脊椎动物学报;1996年01期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 石胜强;晚更新世晚期以来滇西北高原和川西山地的孢粉记录及古气候意义[D];西南大学;2012年
，本文编号：2284593
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/diqiudizhi/2284593.html
