脉冲式井下震源控制系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-10-30 09:21

【摘要】：井中地震技术是一项新型物探技术,可以获得极高分辨率的地震信号,因此可以勘探得到井间构造与储层等小尺度地质目标的精细成像,为油气开采提供新的精细探测工具。井中地震技术的发展很大程度上依赖于震源的发展,本文提到的脉冲式井下震源是一种新型重锤震源,采用圆筒型直线电动机作为地震波的激发源,可以产生足够能量的宽频带、多种地震波,与传统的井下重锤震源相比,具有结构简单、可控性高、工作深度更大等优点。本文针对该脉冲式井下震源的控制系统进行了研究与设计。首先,本文从脉冲式井下震源系统的构成入手,确定震源控制系统的控制对象。控制对象主要由脉冲式直线加速激发器、震波发生器和安全保护装置等组成,本文对控制对象的功能及工作要求进行了详细介绍。根据实际工程对震源系统的性能要求,本文对直线电动机的机械特性与变压变频控制理论进行了较系统的研究,并对震波发生器的功能及控制信号的处理进行了深入分析,基于推靠装置工作过程中推靠电动机的工作特性确定了推靠装置的控制方案。该控制系统采用模块化的设计方法,从局部到整体逐步地完成对整个震源系统的控制。其次,本文完成了脉冲式井下震源专用变频器、震波发生器控制器、安全保护控制器的硬件电路设计,对相关控制电路的功能进行了分析。详细说明了SPWM波的DSP软件实现,对震波发生器控制器的软件设计思路与实现方法进行了详细介绍。最后,本文对整个脉冲式井下震源控制系统软件、硬件的性能进行了测试和分析,试验结果满足设计要求,表明本文设计的脉冲式井下震源控制系统是成功的,完全能够满足实际工程的需要。
[Abstract]:Well-hole seismic technology is a new geophysical exploration technique, which can obtain very high resolution seismic signals, so fine imaging of small scale geological targets such as cross-well structure and reservoir can be obtained, which provides a new fine exploration tool for oil and gas production. The development of borehole seismic technology depends on the development of seismic source to a great extent. The pulse downhole seismic source mentioned in this paper is a new type of heavy hammer source, and the cylindrical linear motor is used as the excitation source of seismic wave. Compared with the traditional downhole heavy hammer seismic source, it has the advantages of simple structure, high controllability and greater working depth. In this paper, the control system of the pulse downhole seismic source is studied and designed. Firstly, the control object of the source control system is determined from the structure of the pulse downhole seismic source system. The control object is mainly composed of pulse linear accelerator, shock wave generator and safety protection device. In this paper, the functions and working requirements of the control object are introduced in detail. According to the requirements of the actual engineering for the seismic source system, the mechanical characteristics of the linear motor and the theory of variable-voltage frequency conversion control are systematically studied in this paper, and the function of the shock wave generator and the processing of the control signal are deeply analyzed. Based on the working characteristics of the pushing motor, the control scheme of the pushing device is determined. The control system uses modular design method to control the whole focal system step by step from part to whole. Secondly, the hardware circuit design of pulse downhole special frequency converter, shock generator controller and safety protection controller is completed, and the function of related control circuit is analyzed. The DSP software realization of SPWM wave is described in detail, and the software design idea and implementation method of the controller of shock wave generator are introduced in detail. Finally, the performance of the whole pulse downhole source control system software and hardware is tested and analyzed in this paper. The test results meet the design requirements, which shows that the pulse downhole seismic source control system designed in this paper is successful. It can fully meet the needs of the actual project.
【学位授予单位】：西京学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.815;TP273

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