成都市地下水脆弱性评价

发布时间：2018-11-01 10:37

【摘要】：水资源是一种重要的环境因子,和人类的生活有着千丝万缕的联系。伴随着经济水平的提高,城市化建设的扩展,和人口数量的激增,也增加了人们对地下水资源的需求量。因此,严防地下水资源受到破坏,实现地下水资源的长期发展,变得格外重要。如今,国外国内进行地下水脆弱性的评价的相关工作逐渐增多,也就可以看出地下水存在遭受破坏的风险,做好地下水有关脆弱性的评价工作,是保护地下水系统的基础。近年来,成都经济得到快速发展,城市面积大规模扩张,工厂数量成倍增加,导致成都引以为豪的水资源开始出现供不应求。由于地下水资源开采方式的不合理和各种因素的地下水污染,使成都“地下水资源储存量多、可开采面积大,易于开采,水质良好”的传统优势受到破坏。迫切需要开展对成都地区的地下水脆弱性评价工作,为当地水资源管理部门采取符合成都市市情的地下水保护措施提供指导,更好地保护地下水资源。本文较为全面的介绍了国内外地下水脆弱性的概念、对地下水的评价方法,与此同时,根据本次研究对象,对成都市的社会经济、自然地理、水文地质等方面进行了简单的概述。通过对评价区400多口浅层地下水监测井水质资料的收集,运用综合指数法对评价了成都市地下水水质现状。采用DRASTIC模型在Arcgis平台上对成都市地下水本质脆弱性进行了评价,评价结果呈现一定的规律性,在河流阶地等第四系地区脆弱性较高,其他地区脆弱性相对较低。选择含水层的净补给、地下水埋深、土壤类型、包气带岩性、含水层的水力传导系数、含水层介质、地下水水质、土地利用现状等相关指标,构建出一套较为系统的评价体系;为了确定评价指标的权重,通常采用层次分析法,从而建立起评价区在人类社会活动影响下,地下水脆弱性评价的初始模型。利用ArcGis,基于人类活动的地下水脆弱性模型评价了成都市的地下水特殊脆弱性,评价结果与本质脆弱性具有高度一致性,由于人类活动的影响,高脆弱性的面积有所增加,增加的地区主要出现在城市工业区和水污染严重的地区。根据综合评价结果,成都市的地下水脆弱性与该地区包气带介质、含水层介质的空间分布较为相似,能较为准确地反映出地下水的防破坏能力,从而为地下水治理机构、部门合理分配、治理地下水资源提供有效的依据。
[Abstract]:Water resources is an important environmental factor, and human life is inextricably linked. With the improvement of economic level, the expansion of urbanization and the rapid increase of population, the demand for groundwater resources has also been increased. Therefore, it is very important to prevent groundwater resources from being damaged and to realize the long-term development of groundwater resources. Nowadays, the related work of groundwater vulnerability assessment in foreign and domestic countries is increasing gradually, and it can be seen that groundwater has the risk of being destroyed. It is the foundation of protecting groundwater system to do well the assessment work of groundwater vulnerability. In recent years, the rapid development of Chengdu's economy, the large-scale expansion of urban area, and the number of factories have multiplied, leading to the emergence of water resources that Chengdu is proud to be in short supply. Due to unreasonable exploitation of groundwater resources and pollution of groundwater by various factors, Chengdu's traditional advantage of "large quantity of groundwater resources, large recoverable area, easy to exploit and good water quality" has been destroyed. It is urgent to carry out groundwater vulnerability assessment in Chengdu area to provide guidance for local water resources management department to take groundwater protection measures in accordance with Chengdu city conditions, and to better protect groundwater resources. This paper introduces the concept of groundwater vulnerability at home and abroad, and the evaluation method of groundwater. At the same time, according to the object of this study, the social economy, natural geography of Chengdu, The hydrogeology and other aspects are briefly summarized. Based on the collection of water quality data of more than 400 shallow groundwater monitoring wells in the evaluation area, the present situation of groundwater quality in Chengdu is evaluated by using the comprehensive index method. The essential vulnerability of groundwater in Chengdu was evaluated by using DRASTIC model on Arcgis platform. The results showed certain regularity. The vulnerability in Quaternary region such as river terrace was higher than that in other regions. Selecting net recharge of aquifer, depth of groundwater, soil type, lithology of aeration zone, hydraulic conductivity coefficient of aquifer, aquifer medium, groundwater quality, current situation of land use and so on, a set of systematic evaluation system is constructed. In order to determine the weight of the evaluation index, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is usually used to establish the initial model of groundwater vulnerability assessment under the influence of human social activities. The groundwater vulnerability model based on human activities of ArcGis, is used to evaluate the special vulnerability of groundwater in Chengdu. The evaluation results are highly consistent with the essential vulnerability, and the area of high vulnerability increases due to the influence of human activities. The increase occurred mainly in urban industrial areas and areas with serious water pollution. According to the comprehensive evaluation results, the vulnerability of groundwater in Chengdu is similar to that of aerated zone media and aquifer media, which can accurately reflect the ability of groundwater to prevent damage, and thus become the groundwater management organization. Rational allocation of departments, the management of groundwater resources to provide an effective basis.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P641.8

【参考文献】