中国的伤齿龙类恐龙化石
发布时间：2018-11-01 21:23
【摘要】：伤齿龙类是手盗龙类中较为独特的一支,时代从中侏罗世到晚白垩世,主要分布于亚洲(东部和中部)以及北美地区。本文基于前人的研究成果,结合新标本,对中国伤齿龙类的系统分类、骨骼形态、骨组织、系统发育关系和古生物地理等方面进行了全面深入的评估与探讨。对已正式发表的中国伤齿龙类恐龙进行概括并通过详尽的骨骼形态学对比,分别对这些属种的鉴定特征进行了修订与补充,对每个分类群的系统发育研究做了简要回顾。根据发现于中国辽宁早白垩世义县组的两件保存完好的伤齿龙类新标本,描述并命名为辽宁大连龙(Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.)和柯氏辽宁猎龙(Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.)。利用支序系统学对这两个属种分别进行了分析,初步结果显示,辽宁大连龙与巨齿曲鼻龙(Sinusonasus magnodens)构成姊妹群关系;柯氏辽宁猎龙与短羽始中国羽龙(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)互为姊妹群。对描述的新标本——辽宁大连龙和柯氏辽宁猎龙进行了骨组织学微观结构研究。首次在伤齿龙类中(或近鸟类中)使用高分辨率同步加速显微断层成像技术进行研究。根据其骨组织显微结构特点,我们认为辽宁大连龙已达到稳定生长阶段,死亡时年龄至少约4-5岁。对柯氏辽宁猎龙的骨组织学分析发现,个体在早期发育阶段生长迅速。但在由第2区过渡到第3区期间(本文中设定的分区),生长模式呈指数式下降,这可能与达到性成熟或出现较差的生理条件有关。根据骨组织研究结果,推测辽宁猎龙死亡时至少4岁。本文系统发育分析选取虚骨龙类157个分类单元,853个特征,首次包括了所有中国伤齿龙类14属14种(包括本文的两个新属,新种)。建立并命名2个新亚科:中国猎龙亚科Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov.,包括龙寐(Meilong)、张氏中国猎龙(Sinovenator changii)、巨齿曲鼻龙(Sinusonasus magnodens)和辽宁大连龙(Daliansaurus liaoningensis);近鸟龙亚科 Anchiorninae subfamily nov.,包括赫氏近鸟龙(Anchiornis huxleyi)、郑氏晓廷龙(Xiaotingia zhengi)、短羽始中国羽龙(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)和徐氏曙光鸟(Aurornisx xui)。最后,本文探讨了伤齿龙类恐龙的生活习性和古地理分布,提出北美侏罗纪发现的伤齿龙类可能与中国伤齿龙类的迁移扩散有关,此次扩散可能是通过连接少部分东亚和劳亚大陆的陆桥完成。晚白垩世随着大陆板块之间动物群交流增加,扩散可能更为广泛,这次扩散可能与泛大陆的裂解最终导致蒙古—鄂霍茨克海的关闭有关。
[Abstract]:The phyllosaurus is a unique branch of the Archaeopteris, which was mainly distributed in Asia (eastern and central) and North America from the Middle Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Based on the previous research results and new specimens, the systematic classification, bone morphology, bone tissue, phylogenetic relationship and palaeogeography of the Dendrosaurus in China were evaluated and discussed in this paper. In this paper, the authors summarized the published Chinese Dentosaurus dinosaurs and compared their skeletal morphology in detail. The identification characteristics of these genera and species were revised and supplemented respectively, and the phylogenetic studies of each taxa were reviewed briefly. Based on the discovery of two well-preserved new specimens from Yixian formation of early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, China, this paper describes and names Dalian Dragon, Liaoning Province, as (Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.. And Koch's Liaoning Dragonhunting (Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.). The two genera and species were analyzed by the branch phylogeny. The preliminary results showed that the relationship between Dalian Dragon and (Sinusonasus magnodens) was a sister group, while the two species (Eosinopteryx brevipenna) were sister groups. The bone histology and microstructure of the new specimens, Dalian dragon and Koch's Liaoning hunting dragon, were studied in this paper. It is the first time that high resolution synchronous accelerated microscopic tomography (HSPM) has been used in the study of Dendrosaurus (or near birds). According to the microstructure of the bone tissue, we think that Dalian dragon in Liaoning Province has reached a stable growth stage, and the age of death is at least 4-5 years old. The bone histology analysis of Liaoning Province showed that the individual grew rapidly at the early stage of development. However, during the transition from region 2 to region 3, the growth pattern decreased exponentially, which may be related to the attainment of sexual maturity or poor physiological conditions. According to the results of bone tissue studies, it is speculated that Liaoning dragon was at least 4 years old when it died. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 157 taxonomic units and 853 characteristics were selected. For the first time, 14 genera and 14 species (including two new genera and new species) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Two new subfamilies were established and named: Sinovenator subfamily Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov., including Longmei (Meilong), Sinovenator (Sinovenator changii), (Sinusonasus magnodens) and Dalian Dragon (Daliansaurus liaoningensis);, Liaoning Province. The subfamily Anchiorninae subfamily nov., includes (Anchiornis huxleyi), (Anchiornis huxleyi), of Hershniosaurus, Zheng Shixiaolong, (Xiaotingia zhengi), short feathering, and (Aurornisx xui)., a Chinese feathering dragon, and (Aurornisx xui)., Xu's dawning bird. Finally, this paper discusses the life habits and paleogeographic distribution of Dendrosaurus, and points out that the discovery of Echinosaurus in Jurassic in North America may be related to the migration and diffusion of Echinosaurus in China. The spread may have been carried out by a bridge connecting a small part of East Asia to the continent of Laoya. In the late Cretaceous, with the increase of the exchange of fauna between the continental plates, the diffusion may be more extensive, and this diffusion may be related to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea resulting from the disintegration of the pan-continent.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q915
本文编号：2305134
[Abstract]:The phyllosaurus is a unique branch of the Archaeopteris, which was mainly distributed in Asia (eastern and central) and North America from the Middle Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Based on the previous research results and new specimens, the systematic classification, bone morphology, bone tissue, phylogenetic relationship and palaeogeography of the Dendrosaurus in China were evaluated and discussed in this paper. In this paper, the authors summarized the published Chinese Dentosaurus dinosaurs and compared their skeletal morphology in detail. The identification characteristics of these genera and species were revised and supplemented respectively, and the phylogenetic studies of each taxa were reviewed briefly. Based on the discovery of two well-preserved new specimens from Yixian formation of early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, China, this paper describes and names Dalian Dragon, Liaoning Province, as (Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.. And Koch's Liaoning Dragonhunting (Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.). The two genera and species were analyzed by the branch phylogeny. The preliminary results showed that the relationship between Dalian Dragon and (Sinusonasus magnodens) was a sister group, while the two species (Eosinopteryx brevipenna) were sister groups. The bone histology and microstructure of the new specimens, Dalian dragon and Koch's Liaoning hunting dragon, were studied in this paper. It is the first time that high resolution synchronous accelerated microscopic tomography (HSPM) has been used in the study of Dendrosaurus (or near birds). According to the microstructure of the bone tissue, we think that Dalian dragon in Liaoning Province has reached a stable growth stage, and the age of death is at least 4-5 years old. The bone histology analysis of Liaoning Province showed that the individual grew rapidly at the early stage of development. However, during the transition from region 2 to region 3, the growth pattern decreased exponentially, which may be related to the attainment of sexual maturity or poor physiological conditions. According to the results of bone tissue studies, it is speculated that Liaoning dragon was at least 4 years old when it died. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 157 taxonomic units and 853 characteristics were selected. For the first time, 14 genera and 14 species (including two new genera and new species) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Two new subfamilies were established and named: Sinovenator subfamily Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov., including Longmei (Meilong), Sinovenator (Sinovenator changii), (Sinusonasus magnodens) and Dalian Dragon (Daliansaurus liaoningensis);, Liaoning Province. The subfamily Anchiorninae subfamily nov., includes (Anchiornis huxleyi), (Anchiornis huxleyi), of Hershniosaurus, Zheng Shixiaolong, (Xiaotingia zhengi), short feathering, and (Aurornisx xui)., a Chinese feathering dragon, and (Aurornisx xui)., Xu's dawning bird. Finally, this paper discusses the life habits and paleogeographic distribution of Dendrosaurus, and points out that the discovery of Echinosaurus in Jurassic in North America may be related to the migration and diffusion of Echinosaurus in China. The spread may have been carried out by a bridge connecting a small part of East Asia to the continent of Laoya. In the late Cretaceous, with the increase of the exchange of fauna between the continental plates, the diffusion may be more extensive, and this diffusion may be related to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea resulting from the disintegration of the pan-continent.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q915
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