基于分形与分维的东亚地震时空特性分析
发布时间：2018-11-04 20:23
【摘要】：东亚地区一直是地震高发区,尤其是在近年来发生了一系列的大地震,影响范围广,造成的破坏性大。2001年印度古吉拉特邦地震、2003年伊朗巴姆地震、中国2008年汶川地震,以及2011年东日本大地震等都给相关地区造成了巨大的人员伤亡与经济损失。由于该地区位于两大地震带的交汇处,包含了欧亚地震带的东部范围和环太平洋地震带的北西部范围。地学面貌丰富,地质背景复杂,所以该地区地震发生的成因与机制一直都是学界研究的热点。分形分为理论在这个领域是近十年逐渐活跃和发展起来的。近几十年,前人已经在地震学领域利用分形与分维的方法做了大量研究。本文即在分形与分维的理论基础上,对该地区(经度80°~140°E、纬度20°~60°N)的地震数据进行了研究。本文首先从获得的地震目录(1970-2014年,M2.8)中,根据G?R关系验证了地震目录的完整性,确定了合适的最小震级,并根据整个研究对象的地质构造背景以及历史地震带的走向对整个区域进行了地域划分。而后应用单分形与多重分形对各个分区进行分析,计算了各分区地震时间序列与地震空间分布序列的容量维数、信息维数并根据区域内大震(M7.0)内独立地震信息维数的变化趋势分析了地震能量的变化,结果表明虽然在不同的地质背景下存在差异,但通常在大震之前地震时间序列的信息维数存在不同程度的下降,而在大震之后该参数又会有不同程度的上升,在一定程度上反映了地震能量的积累与释放的过程;另外时间序列与空间分布序列的无标度区域内的分维参数变化也表明,各个分区的这两种序列都在不同程度上体现出多重分形的特征,而不是单一的、均匀的分形结构。在多重分形分析中,首先建立地震时间序列与空间分布序列的分维计算模型,并由此计绘制了各个区域的配分函数的双对数图、?(q)?q关系图以及根据这两个参数确定的多重分形谱结果表明,地震的时间序列中,新疆及周边地区地震区域与青藏高原及喜马拉雅地震区域明显呈现稀疏型多重分形的特征;华北地震区域略偏向于密集型多重分形特征;中国南北地震区与环太平洋北西地震区域呈现出复合型的特点;而地震空间分布序列中,中国南北地震区域与华北地震区域属于密集型多重分形特性;青藏高原及喜马拉雅地震区域属于典型的稀疏型多重分形特性;而新疆及周边地震区域与环太平洋北西地震区域属于复合型的特性。本文的研究为分形理论与地震学结合的一个实例,可以作为大构造带背景下地震数据分形分析的参考,为地震的时空特性分析以及地震的预测提供依据。
[Abstract]:East Asia has always been a region of high earthquake incidence, especially in recent years, a series of large earthquakes, the impact of a wide range of devastating. 2001, India Gujarat earthquake, 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, China 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, The 2011 East Japan earthquake has caused huge casualties and economic losses. The area is located at the junction of the two major seismic zones, including the eastern part of the Eurasian seismic belt and the northern and western part of the Pacific Rim seismic belt. Because of the rich geological features and complicated geological background, the origin and mechanism of earthquakes in this area have always been the focus of academic research. Fractal theory is active and developing in this field in the past ten years. In recent decades, many researches have been done in the field of seismology using fractal and fractal dimension methods. Based on the theory of fractal and fractal dimension, the seismic data in this area (longitude 80 掳~ 140 掳E, latitude 20 掳~ 60 掳N) are studied in this paper. In this paper, the integrity of the earthquake catalogue is verified according to the GZR relation in the obtained earthquake catalogue (1970-2014, M2.8), and the appropriate minimum magnitude is determined. The whole region is divided according to the geological tectonic background and the strike of the historical seismic belt. Then, single fractal and multifractal are used to analyze each area, and the capacity dimension of seismic time series and earthquake spatial distribution series are calculated. The information dimension and the variation trend of the independent seismic information dimension in large earthquakes (M7.0) in the region are analyzed. The results show that, although there are differences in different geological settings, However, the information dimension of the earthquake time series usually decreases to some extent before the large earthquake, but after the earthquake, the parameter will rise to different degrees, which reflects the process of the accumulation and release of earthquake energy to some extent. In addition, the variation of fractal dimension parameters in scale-free region of time series and spatial distribution series also shows that the two sequences of each partition are multifractal in different degrees, rather than a single, uniform fractal structure. In multifractal analysis, the fractal dimension model of seismic time series and spatial distribution series is established, and the double logarithmic map of partition function of each region is plotted. The results of? (q)? Q relation diagram and multifractal spectrum determined by these two parameters show that, The seismic regions of Xinjiang and its surrounding areas, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan earthquake regions, show the characteristics of sparse multifractal. The seismic region of North China is slightly inclined to the intensive multifractal feature, and the north-south seismic region of China and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean show the composite characteristics. In the spatial distribution sequence of earthquakes, the seismic regions of north and south China and North China belong to intensive multifractal characteristics, and the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan earthquake regions belong to the typical sparse multifractal characteristics. The seismic region of Xinjiang and its surrounding area and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean belong to the compound type. The research in this paper is an example of the combination of fractal theory and seismology, and can be used as a reference for fractal analysis of seismic data in the context of large tectonic zones, and provides a basis for the analysis of space-time characteristics of earthquakes and the prediction of earthquakes.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315
本文编号：2311040
[Abstract]:East Asia has always been a region of high earthquake incidence, especially in recent years, a series of large earthquakes, the impact of a wide range of devastating. 2001, India Gujarat earthquake, 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, China 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, The 2011 East Japan earthquake has caused huge casualties and economic losses. The area is located at the junction of the two major seismic zones, including the eastern part of the Eurasian seismic belt and the northern and western part of the Pacific Rim seismic belt. Because of the rich geological features and complicated geological background, the origin and mechanism of earthquakes in this area have always been the focus of academic research. Fractal theory is active and developing in this field in the past ten years. In recent decades, many researches have been done in the field of seismology using fractal and fractal dimension methods. Based on the theory of fractal and fractal dimension, the seismic data in this area (longitude 80 掳~ 140 掳E, latitude 20 掳~ 60 掳N) are studied in this paper. In this paper, the integrity of the earthquake catalogue is verified according to the GZR relation in the obtained earthquake catalogue (1970-2014, M2.8), and the appropriate minimum magnitude is determined. The whole region is divided according to the geological tectonic background and the strike of the historical seismic belt. Then, single fractal and multifractal are used to analyze each area, and the capacity dimension of seismic time series and earthquake spatial distribution series are calculated. The information dimension and the variation trend of the independent seismic information dimension in large earthquakes (M7.0) in the region are analyzed. The results show that, although there are differences in different geological settings, However, the information dimension of the earthquake time series usually decreases to some extent before the large earthquake, but after the earthquake, the parameter will rise to different degrees, which reflects the process of the accumulation and release of earthquake energy to some extent. In addition, the variation of fractal dimension parameters in scale-free region of time series and spatial distribution series also shows that the two sequences of each partition are multifractal in different degrees, rather than a single, uniform fractal structure. In multifractal analysis, the fractal dimension model of seismic time series and spatial distribution series is established, and the double logarithmic map of partition function of each region is plotted. The results of? (q)? Q relation diagram and multifractal spectrum determined by these two parameters show that, The seismic regions of Xinjiang and its surrounding areas, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan earthquake regions, show the characteristics of sparse multifractal. The seismic region of North China is slightly inclined to the intensive multifractal feature, and the north-south seismic region of China and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean show the composite characteristics. In the spatial distribution sequence of earthquakes, the seismic regions of north and south China and North China belong to intensive multifractal characteristics, and the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan earthquake regions belong to the typical sparse multifractal characteristics. The seismic region of Xinjiang and its surrounding area and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean belong to the compound type. The research in this paper is an example of the combination of fractal theory and seismology, and can be used as a reference for fractal analysis of seismic data in the context of large tectonic zones, and provides a basis for the analysis of space-time characteristics of earthquakes and the prediction of earthquakes.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315
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