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潮湿环境模拟考古现场地下水控制技术研究

发布时间:2018-11-05 10:43
【摘要】:文化遗址的保护关系到中华文明的传承。目前,国内外对文化遗址的保护呈多角度,多层次,较迅速地发展。潮湿环境下文化遗址的保护也有着较为深入的发展。然而用防雨棚遮挡,筑坝拦截以及集水明排法、截水法等用于地表水或地下水的控制还都有着各自明显的缺陷与不足,并且一些方法在渗透系数很小的粘性土地区完全不能达到预设目的。而潮湿环境水位较高的地下水渗入正是文化遗址病害的关键,也是针对这个难题,本研究依据潮湿环境中土壤渗透系数很小、导水性能差、不易排出的特点开发了潮湿环境中文化遗址地下水控制新技术。本文首先纵览了国内外应对潮湿环境中文化遗址水环境问题的技术方法,分析了其应对遗址水环境问题的优点与不足。并对如何克服这些技术方法的缺点而做出技术设想,为探求新的地下水控制技术总结经验。其次,对潮湿环境的气候特征进行分析,根据相对湿度、降水量及潮湿系数三个指标来对我国潮湿环境进行了区域划分。得出我国南方地区及东北部分地区属于潮湿环境区域的判定。并对潮湿环境范围中的文化遗址地下水病害进行发现分析。根据环境适宜原则以及实用性原则,本研究选择杭州市作为潮湿环境模拟考古现场地下水控制技术研究的试验区。再次,进行潮湿环境模拟考古现场地下水控制新技术设计,即完成填砂排水沟与集水井相结合技术的设计与施工。该技术的关键在于两点,其一,地下水导排水体系的布置结构:在地下水控制区域周围留有隔墙,而在隔墙外围修筑封闭的布置有抽水井的填砂排水沟;其二,封闭填砂排水沟的组成结构:封闭导水排水沟内填充一定厚度的,压实的含砾粗砂,并在砂石料上部恢复原始地貌。最后,通过填砂排水沟设置前后两次抽水与水位恢复试验对比,模拟考古探坑周围土壤渗透系数由3.597×10-7m/s增大至1.542×10-5m/s。同时进行原状土渗水试验、填砂排水沟渗水试验的辅助验证,并长期对拟考古现场地下水控制效果进行的监测观察。这些试验从实践及理论上证实了本研究所设计技术方法大幅度增加了局部土壤的渗透系数,使其具有良好的导水排水性能。也证明了该地下水水位控制技术的科学性与有效性。
[Abstract]:The protection of cultural sites is related to the inheritance of Chinese civilization. At present, the protection of cultural sites at home and abroad is multi-angle, multi-level, relatively rapid development. The protection of cultural sites in humid environment also has a more in-depth development. However, the control of surface water or groundwater by means of shelter, damming interception, water harvesting and drainage, etc., also has its own obvious defects and shortcomings. And some methods can not achieve the preset goal in the viscous soil where the permeability coefficient is very small. The infiltration of groundwater with high water level in humid environment is the key to the disease of cultural sites, and it is also a difficult problem. This study is based on the fact that the permeability coefficient of soil is very small and the water conductivity is poor in humid environment. A new technique of groundwater control for cultural sites in humid environment has been developed because it is difficult to discharge. In this paper, the technical methods to deal with the problem of water environment of cultural sites in humid environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of dealing with the problems of water environment of cultural sites are analyzed in this paper. And how to overcome the shortcomings of these technical methods to make a technical assumption for the exploration of new groundwater control technology summarized experience. Secondly, the climatic characteristics of humid environment are analyzed, and the humid environment in China is divided according to three indexes: relative humidity, precipitation and humidity coefficient. It is concluded that the southern part of China and parts of Northeast China belong to the humid environment. The groundwater diseases of cultural sites in moist environment were found and analyzed. According to the principle of environmental suitability and practicability, Hangzhou was selected as the experimental area for the study of groundwater control technology in simulated archaeological site of wet environment. Thirdly, the design of the new technology of groundwater control in the wet environment simulation archaeological site is carried out, that is, the design and construction of the combined technology of sand filling drainage ditch and collecting well. The key of this technology lies in two points: first, the layout structure of groundwater conductivity and drainage system: there is a partition wall around the groundwater control area, and a closed sand drain with a pumping well arrangement on the periphery of the partition wall; Secondly, the composition structure of the sealant sand drainage ditch: the closed water diversion drain is filled with a certain thickness, compacted gravel coarse sand, and the original landform is restored in the upper part of the sand and stone. Finally, the soil permeability coefficient around the simulated archaeological pit was increased from 3.597 脳 10-7m/s to 1.542 脳 10 ~ (-5) m / s by comparing the two tests of pumping and water level recovery before and after the setting of the draining ditch. At the same time, the seepage test of the undisturbed soil and the auxiliary verification of the seepage test in the draining ditch were carried out, and the monitoring and observation of the groundwater control effect in the pseudo archaeological site were carried out for a long time. It is proved in practice and theory that the design method of this research has greatly increased the permeability coefficient of local soil and made it have good water conductivity and drainage performance. It is also proved that the groundwater level control technology is scientific and effective.
【学位授予单位】:兰州大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:P641;TU-87

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