孔隙介质中介观波致流对地震传播的影响
发布时间：2018-11-07 10:28
【摘要】：地震岩石物理领域里,速度频散和衰减是展开频率域储层及流体预测的重要理论基础。波动引起的流体流动(WIFF)机制将流体运移参数与地震波信号联系在一起。介观尺度大于孔隙颗粒且小于波长。介观不均匀产生的波致流是地震频带范围内衰减的主因。本文的主要研究工作包含了以下五个部分:(1)宏观Biot衰减及三种介观尺度下的衰减机制。对Biot衰减机制及孔隙-裂隙模型、双孔模型、层流模型进行介绍。(2)层流模型解析解。将品质因子以参数s(由流动参数、黏度、渗透率决定)、g(由弹性模量及孔隙度决定)及频率表征,并得到品质因子表达式的近似式,近似式在高频及低频极限时与原解值吻合效果良好。(3)参数对品质因子及相速度的影响。从理论角度及数值模拟分析流体粘度、渗透率、孔隙度、流度等参数对品质因子Q(ω)和相速度Vp(ω)的影响,并数值模拟地震记录。可以得出结论:①所有情况下的衰减频段主要在低频段。②当两层所含流体性质差异明显时,衰减剧烈。③当粘度增加时衰减峰值向低频移动,衰减值逐渐降低,同频率下相速度逐渐增大。④渗透率增加时衰减峰值向高频移动,衰减值基本不变。含气层渗透率改变时的影响远远小于含水层渗透率改变的影响。⑤深度压实储层衰减随着孔隙度增加减小,峰值向低频移动。⑥流度增大时衰减值不变,峰值向高频移动,渗透率相比粘度影响力更大。(4)不同流体时骨架模量及孔隙度变化对最大衰减及过渡频率的影响。①L2骨架模量及孔隙度均最大时,部分饱气极大衰减部分饱油极大衰减完全饱水极大衰减;完全饱水过渡频率部分饱气过渡频率部分饱油过渡频率。②L2骨架模量及孔隙度均最小时,完全饱水极大衰减部分饱气极大衰减部分饱油极大衰减;部分饱气过渡频率完全饱水过渡频率部分饱油过渡频率。(5)饱和度对反射系数的影响。使用White模型解析解的近似式研究嵌于弹性层或衰减层内的衰减层垂直入射反射系数,以得到衰减、相速度频散、调谐作用对反射系数的影响,并将数值模拟结果与Korneev实验数据进行对比。水饱和砂岩及干砂岩的反射系数的实验数据适用于部分气-水饱和的未固结砂岩模型,结果显示介观波致流可以解释流体饱和度相关的低频反射异常,部分饱和储层反射系数随频率变化明显。
[Abstract]:In the field of seismic rock physics, velocity dispersion and attenuation are the important theoretical basis for developing reservoir and fluid prediction in frequency domain. The (WIFF) mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow links the fluid migration parameters with seismic wave signals. The mesoscopic scale is larger than the pore size and smaller than the wavelength. The wave induced flow caused by mesoscopic inhomogeneity is the main cause of attenuation in the seismic frequency band. The main work of this paper consists of the following five parts: (1) macroscopic Biot attenuation and three attenuation mechanisms at mesoscopic scale. The Biot attenuation mechanism, pore fracture model, double pore model and laminar flow model are introduced. (2) the analytical solution of laminar flow model. The quality factor is characterized by the parameter s (determined by the flow parameter, viscosity, permeability,), g (is determined by the elastic modulus and porosity) and frequency, and the approximate expression of the quality factor is obtained. The approximate formula is in good agreement with the original solution at the limit of high frequency and low frequency. (3) the influence of parameters on the quality factor and phase velocity. The effects of fluid viscosity, permeability, porosity and mobility on the quality factor Q (蠅) and phase velocity Vp (蠅) are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The seismic records are simulated numerically. It can be concluded that: 1 in all cases, the attenuation frequency band is mainly in the low frequency band. 2 when the properties of the fluid in the two layers are obviously different, the attenuation is severe. 3 when the viscosity increases, the attenuation peak shifts to the low frequency, and the attenuation value decreases gradually. At the same frequency, the phase velocity increases gradually. 4 the peak value of attenuation shifts to high frequency with the increase of permeability, and the attenuation value is basically unchanged. The effect of permeability change in gas bearing zone is much smaller than that in aquifer permeability. 5 the attenuation of deep compacted reservoir decreases with the increase of porosity, and the peak value moves to low frequency. 6 when mobility increases, the attenuation value remains unchanged, and the peak value moves to high frequency. (4) the influence of the change of skeleton modulus and porosity on the maximum attenuation and transition frequency of different fluids. When the 1L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are both maximum, Partial gas saturation maximum attenuation partial oil saturation maximum attenuation complete water saturation maximum attenuation; When the 2L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are minimum, the full saturated maximum attenuation is partially saturated and the partial saturated oil is greatly attenuated. Partial saturated transition frequency fully saturated transition frequency partially saturated transition frequency. (5) the effect of saturation on reflection coefficient. Using the approximate formula of the analytical solution of the White model, the reflection coefficient of the attenuation layer embedded in the elastic layer or the attenuation layer is studied in order to obtain the effect of attenuation, phase velocity dispersion and tuning on the reflection coefficient. The numerical simulation results are compared with the Korneev experimental data. The experimental data of reflection coefficients of water-saturated sandstone and dry sandstone are suitable for partially gas-water saturated unconsolidated sandstone models. The results show that mesoscopic wave-induced flow can explain the low-frequency reflection anomalies related to fluid saturation. The reflection coefficient of partially saturated reservoir varies obviously with frequency.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
本文编号：2316072
[Abstract]:In the field of seismic rock physics, velocity dispersion and attenuation are the important theoretical basis for developing reservoir and fluid prediction in frequency domain. The (WIFF) mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow links the fluid migration parameters with seismic wave signals. The mesoscopic scale is larger than the pore size and smaller than the wavelength. The wave induced flow caused by mesoscopic inhomogeneity is the main cause of attenuation in the seismic frequency band. The main work of this paper consists of the following five parts: (1) macroscopic Biot attenuation and three attenuation mechanisms at mesoscopic scale. The Biot attenuation mechanism, pore fracture model, double pore model and laminar flow model are introduced. (2) the analytical solution of laminar flow model. The quality factor is characterized by the parameter s (determined by the flow parameter, viscosity, permeability,), g (is determined by the elastic modulus and porosity) and frequency, and the approximate expression of the quality factor is obtained. The approximate formula is in good agreement with the original solution at the limit of high frequency and low frequency. (3) the influence of parameters on the quality factor and phase velocity. The effects of fluid viscosity, permeability, porosity and mobility on the quality factor Q (蠅) and phase velocity Vp (蠅) are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The seismic records are simulated numerically. It can be concluded that: 1 in all cases, the attenuation frequency band is mainly in the low frequency band. 2 when the properties of the fluid in the two layers are obviously different, the attenuation is severe. 3 when the viscosity increases, the attenuation peak shifts to the low frequency, and the attenuation value decreases gradually. At the same frequency, the phase velocity increases gradually. 4 the peak value of attenuation shifts to high frequency with the increase of permeability, and the attenuation value is basically unchanged. The effect of permeability change in gas bearing zone is much smaller than that in aquifer permeability. 5 the attenuation of deep compacted reservoir decreases with the increase of porosity, and the peak value moves to low frequency. 6 when mobility increases, the attenuation value remains unchanged, and the peak value moves to high frequency. (4) the influence of the change of skeleton modulus and porosity on the maximum attenuation and transition frequency of different fluids. When the 1L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are both maximum, Partial gas saturation maximum attenuation partial oil saturation maximum attenuation complete water saturation maximum attenuation; When the 2L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are minimum, the full saturated maximum attenuation is partially saturated and the partial saturated oil is greatly attenuated. Partial saturated transition frequency fully saturated transition frequency partially saturated transition frequency. (5) the effect of saturation on reflection coefficient. Using the approximate formula of the analytical solution of the White model, the reflection coefficient of the attenuation layer embedded in the elastic layer or the attenuation layer is studied in order to obtain the effect of attenuation, phase velocity dispersion and tuning on the reflection coefficient. The numerical simulation results are compared with the Korneev experimental data. The experimental data of reflection coefficients of water-saturated sandstone and dry sandstone are suitable for partially gas-water saturated unconsolidated sandstone models. The results show that mesoscopic wave-induced flow can explain the low-frequency reflection anomalies related to fluid saturation. The reflection coefficient of partially saturated reservoir varies obviously with frequency.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
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