基于离心窗扫描的地震几何属性提取方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 13:43

【摘要】：地震几何属性是一种基于数据驱动的、面向反射地震资料所反映的地下地质构造几何形态的属性表达,是辅助三维地震资料构造解释的一种重要手段,目前所研究的方面主要以地层倾角属性、方位角属性、相干属性、曲率属性、纹理属性等为主。地层倾角属性描述了反射地层倾角的变化,地层方位角属性指示了反射地层在地理上的方位,二者可以让我们直观的看到地层构造变化的主要方向和复杂程度;相干属性多用于断层和河道的识别成像,曲率属性用于地层褶皱、弯曲以及裂缝储层的表达;地震纹理属性用于地震几何纹理形态描述,诸多地震几何属性的合理应用和结合是提高解释成果精度、丰富解释内容的关键。本文针对地震几何属性中的地层倾角和方位角属性、曲率属性及相干属性的提取方法,以及信号处理中的曲波变换方法与地震几何属性的结合展开了系统而深入的研究。首先本文提出了一种在离心窗扫描窗口变换下的三维地层倾角和方位角属性提取方法,较好的凸显了地质构造的细节信息,且可以直观的在时间切片或沿层切片看到反射地层的构造格局变化;其次本文以离心窗扫描方式所计算的视倾角数据体为基础,改进了三维地震曲率属性的提取方法,使得线性构造的成像更加连续且增强了属性提取的信噪比。此外,基于离心窗的扫描方式同样可以在相干属性的提取中通过窗口变换的方法改善传统相干属性的提取效果,提高了原有算法在噪声密集区域的低相干值,在一定程度上剥离了断层与随机噪声的低相干混杂显示。本文将具有尺度和角度特性的曲波变换应用到地震几何属性的提取中。提出了一种新的基于曲波函数驱动的地层倾角和方位角属性计算方法,改变了以往的算法中地层倾角扫描间隔受时间采样率约束的限制,可以自由设置扫描间隔增量,大大的提高了倾角计算的精度,尤其在地质构造变化并不十分剧烈的地区,本方法在二维地震剖面和三维地震数据体的计算中均展现了独特的优越性,相比于原有的仅仅使用地震数据的离散相似性扫描方法不失为一种更好的计算倾角和方位角属性的方法.但是目前所研究的程度计算效率较低,算法仍然有待优化。
[Abstract]:Seismic geometric attribute is a data-driven attribute representation of the geometry of underground geological structure reflected by reflected seismic data. It is an important means to assist the interpretation of 3D seismic data. At present, the main research areas are stratigraphic dip attribute, azimuth attribute, coherent attribute, curvature attribute, texture attribute and so on. The attribute of dip angle describes the change of dip angle of reflection formation, and the azimuth attribute of stratum indicates the orientation of reflected stratum in geography, both of which can make us see the main direction and complexity of structural change of formation intuitively. Coherence attributes are used to identify faults and river courses, curvature attributes are used to express formation folds, bends and fractured reservoirs. Seismic texture attribute is used to describe seismic geometry texture. The reasonable application and combination of many seismic geometric attributes are the key to improve the precision of interpretation and enrich the interpretation content. In this paper, a systematic and in-depth study is carried out on the extraction method of stratigraphic dip and azimuth attributes, curvature attributes and coherent attributes of seismic geometric attributes, as well as the combination of Qu Bo transform method and seismic geometric attributes in signal processing. Firstly, a method of extracting the attributes of dip and azimuth in the centrifuge window scanning window is proposed, which highlights the details of geological structure. And the structural pattern changes of reflective strata can be seen intuitively in time slice or along layer slice; Secondly, based on the apparent dip data volume calculated by centrifugal window scanning, the method of extracting 3D seismic curvature attributes is improved, which makes the imaging of linear structures more continuous and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of attribute extraction. In addition, the scanning method based on centrifugal window can also improve the extraction effect of traditional coherent attributes by window transformation in the extraction of coherent attributes, and improve the low coherence value of the original algorithm in noisy dense regions. To some extent, the low coherent hybrid display of fault and random noise is removed. In this paper, Qu Bo transform with scale and angle characteristics is applied to the extraction of seismic geometric attributes. In this paper, a new method for calculating the attributes of formation dip and azimuth based on Qu Bo function is proposed, which changes the limitation of the interval of formation dip scanning which is limited by the time sampling rate, and can set the interval increment freely. The accuracy of obliquity calculation is greatly improved, especially in areas where the geological structure change is not very drastic. This method has shown unique advantages in the calculation of 2D seismic profiles and 3D seismic data bodies. Compared with the original discrete similarity scanning method which only uses seismic data, it is a better method to calculate the attributes of inclination and azimuth. However, the efficiency of the degree calculation is low, and the algorithm still needs to be optimized.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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