下扬子地区地震发震特征及对油气运聚的影响

发布时间：2018-11-17 07:49

【摘要】：地震包括天然地震和人工地震。天然地震指自然界中由于地球不断运动和变化,逐渐积累了巨大的能量,在地壳某些脆弱地带,造成岩层突然发生破裂,或者引发原有断层的错动,将能量传递到地面,引发地震;而人工地震指认为提供震源以勘探地下岩层信息为目的的小规模地震。油气是目前世界上最重要的能源之一。石油、天然气的生成、运移和聚集与地质构造有着密切的关系,而地质构造90%和地震有关。研究表明,地震对油气的生、运、聚、散及油气的成藏和开发产生诸多影响。在我国,对地震及油气的研究文献日益丰满,主要集中于地壳断裂、地震波信息提取、油气保存等方面,而对于地震的发震特征和油气保存的影响研究却较少。本文从天然地震的形成机理和油气成藏的机理出发,从时间、空间、震源、波形等几个方面研究了天然地震的发震特征,并对地震波收集及处理进行了研究。另外,通过地震的ICA获取技术可以明确油气分布规律,结合下扬子地区实际情况,分析其相应油气信息。在此基础上,对地震对油气运移、聚集、成藏及再破坏等影响进行了分析,以下样子地区为例,对其油气运聚成藏的主要影响因素进行了研究。研究表明,由于地震的发生伴随这大量断裂的形成,因此,地震是开辟油气运移通道的良好条件,并且对于油气除输导作用外,还起到一定的侧向封闭作用,使油气聚集。同时,对已经形成的油气藏有一定的破坏作用,使其逸散或向上运移。对于下扬子地区,主要发育NE-NNE向断裂系统和NWW向断裂系统两套断裂系统。断裂控制着含油气圈闭的形成,以断鼻为主;断裂的活动控制着油气的运聚的时期及油气运聚的层位,形成下生上储为辅、自生自储为主垂向多套油气聚集,封闭性断裂控制自生自储式油气聚集、泥岩盖层控制下生上储式油气成藏。
[Abstract]:Earthquakes include natural and artificial earthquakes. Natural earthquakes refer to the accumulation of huge energy in nature because of the continuous movement and changes of the earth. In some fragile areas of the earth's crust, the rock strata suddenly break down, or the original faults are staggered, and the energy is transferred to the ground. Triggering earthquakes; Artificial earthquakes are designated as small-scale earthquakes for the purpose of prospecting for underground strata. Oil and gas is one of the most important energy sources in the world. The generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum and natural gas are closely related to geological structures, 90% of which are related to earthquakes. The results show that earthquakes have many effects on hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, dispersion and hydrocarbon accumulation and development. In China, the research literature on earthquakes and oil and gas is increasingly abundant, mainly focusing on crustal faults, seismic wave information extraction, oil and gas preservation and so on. However, there is little research on earthquake occurrence characteristics and the influence of oil and gas preservation. Based on the formation mechanism of natural earthquakes and the mechanism of oil and gas accumulation, this paper studies the seismogenic characteristics of natural earthquakes from the aspects of time, space, source and waveform, and studies the collection and processing of seismic waves. In addition, the oil and gas distribution law can be determined by ICA acquisition technique, and the corresponding oil and gas information can be analyzed according to the actual situation in Lower Yangtze area. On this basis, the effects of earthquakes on oil and gas migration, accumulation, reservoir formation and re-destruction are analyzed. The main influencing factors of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the following areas are studied. The results show that earthquake is a good condition to open up oil and gas migration channel because of the occurrence of earthquake accompanied by the formation of a large number of faults, and it also plays a certain lateral sealing effect on oil and gas in addition to the transportation, and makes oil and gas accumulate. At the same time, the formation of oil and gas reservoirs have a certain damage, causing them to dissipate or move upward. For the lower Yangtze area, two sets of fault systems are mainly developed: NE-NNE fault system and NWW fault system. Faults control the formation of oil and gas traps, mainly by fault nose; The fault activity controls the period of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and the horizon of oil and gas migration and accumulation, forming the lower generation and upper reservoir as auxiliary, self-generated self-reservoir as the main vertical multiple sets of oil and gas accumulation, and the closed fault controlling the self-generated and self-stored oil and gas accumulation. Mudstone caprocks control the formation of upper reservoir oil and gas reservoirs.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4

【共引文献】