海流兔河流域人类活动的生态水文地质效应研究
发布时间：2018-11-23 11:08
【摘要】：本论文是在国土资源大调查项目“鄂尔多斯盆地海流兔河流域生态水文地质调查”基础上完成的。生态水文地质学是综合生态学和水文地质学的新兴学科,近年来国内外学者对生态水文地质学从宏观尺度和微观尺度进行了深入研究,但从中等流域尺度上还未见论述,本文从中等流域尺度对人类工程活动引发的生态水文地质效应展开研究。海流兔河流域位于鄂尔多斯盆地中部,地跨内蒙能源基地和陕北能源基地,气候环境属于典型的干旱半干旱区,区内地表水资源贫乏,地下水资源相对较为丰富。在经济社会发展与能源开发过程中,如何合理开发利用水资源和保护生态环境是亟待解决的科学问题之一。本文从区内人类工程对土地开发利用方式、地下水开发等活动引起的生态水文地质效应出发,提出基于生态环境友好、社会经济良性循环的地下水资源合理开发利用方案,促进资源开发与环境保护的协调发展。论文首先基于定量遥感的方法获取了研究区土地利用现状、历史变化,分析了土地利用现状及历史演变过程中,不合理开发利用改变了地下水流场,地下水水位下降。2014年研究区草地面积比2000年减少7.52×103公顷,减少的草地面积分别转变为4.99×103公顷林地,2.34×103公顷建设用地,以及2.21×103公顷的交通用地。与之相对应,地下水位埋深有4.99×103公顷由0-4m变为大于5m;2.34×103公顷地下水位埋深由0-4m转变为4-10m;2.21×103公顷地下水位埋深由0-4m增加为大于10m。在查清人类工程活动引起土地利用类型变化、地下水位动态变化的基础上,采用当前最为先进的“3S”技术对研究区生态植被覆盖度、植被类型进行了解译与调查。区内的植被可分为滩地植被群落、梁地植被群落、沙地植被群落、农作物群落四个植物群落。区内主要以沙生植被为主,低湿植被为辅,沙生植被面积达1591.8km2,占总面积的61.12%;低湿植被为178.48kkm2,占全域面积的6.85%。由于人类工程改变了原有水文循环平衡,使水文地质条件也发生了改变,生态植被系统对此及时做出了反应。根据地下水变化规律和生态植被系统响应分析结果,研究区应进行科学合理规划、调整土地利用方式,实现经济发展与生态水文环境相协调发展。
[Abstract]:This paper is completed on the basis of the large investigation project of land and resources, Eco-Hydrogeology Survey of the Tuhe River Basin in Ordos Basin. Eco-hydrogeology is a new subject of comprehensive ecology and hydrogeology. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made in-depth research on eco-hydrogeology from macro and micro scale, but it has not been discussed on the scale of middle watershed. In this paper, the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by human engineering activities are studied on the scale of middle watershed. The Hailiu River Basin is located in the middle of Ordos Basin, which spans the Inner Mongolia energy base and the northern Shaanxi energy base. The climate environment belongs to a typical arid and semi-arid region, the surface water resources are poor, and the groundwater resources are relatively rich. In the process of economic and social development and energy development, how to rationally develop and utilize water resources and protect ecological environment is one of the scientific problems to be solved urgently. Based on the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by the land exploitation and utilization mode and groundwater exploitation of human engineering in the region, this paper puts forward a reasonable exploitation and utilization scheme of groundwater resources based on the eco-environment friendly and social economic virtuous circle. To promote the coordinated development of resources and environmental protection. Firstly, based on the method of quantitative remote sensing, the present situation and historical change of land use in the study area are obtained, and the unreasonable exploitation and utilization change the groundwater flow field in the process of land use and historical evolution. In 2014, the grassland area in the study area was 7.52 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares less than that in 2000, and the grassland area decreased to 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of woodland, 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of construction land and 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of traffic land respectively. Correspondingly, 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 ha of groundwater level has changed from 0-4 m to 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 3 ha from 0-4 m to more than 10 m. Based on the investigation of land use type change and groundwater level dynamic change caused by human engineering activities, the most advanced "3s" technique is used to interpret and investigate the ecological vegetation coverage and vegetation types in the study area. The vegetation in the area can be divided into four plant communities: beach vegetation community, Liang land vegetation community, sandy land vegetation community and crop community. The area of sandy vegetation is 1591.8 km ~ 2, accounting for 61.12% of the total area, and low humidity vegetation is 178.48 km ~ 2, accounting for 6.85% of the total area. Since the original hydrological cycle balance has been changed by human engineering, the hydrogeological conditions have also been changed, and the ecological vegetation system has responded to this problem in a timely manner. According to the law of groundwater change and the result of response analysis of ecological vegetation system, the study area should carry out scientific and reasonable planning, adjust the land use mode, and realize the coordinated development of economic development and ecological hydrological environment.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8
本文编号：2351375
[Abstract]:This paper is completed on the basis of the large investigation project of land and resources, Eco-Hydrogeology Survey of the Tuhe River Basin in Ordos Basin. Eco-hydrogeology is a new subject of comprehensive ecology and hydrogeology. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made in-depth research on eco-hydrogeology from macro and micro scale, but it has not been discussed on the scale of middle watershed. In this paper, the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by human engineering activities are studied on the scale of middle watershed. The Hailiu River Basin is located in the middle of Ordos Basin, which spans the Inner Mongolia energy base and the northern Shaanxi energy base. The climate environment belongs to a typical arid and semi-arid region, the surface water resources are poor, and the groundwater resources are relatively rich. In the process of economic and social development and energy development, how to rationally develop and utilize water resources and protect ecological environment is one of the scientific problems to be solved urgently. Based on the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by the land exploitation and utilization mode and groundwater exploitation of human engineering in the region, this paper puts forward a reasonable exploitation and utilization scheme of groundwater resources based on the eco-environment friendly and social economic virtuous circle. To promote the coordinated development of resources and environmental protection. Firstly, based on the method of quantitative remote sensing, the present situation and historical change of land use in the study area are obtained, and the unreasonable exploitation and utilization change the groundwater flow field in the process of land use and historical evolution. In 2014, the grassland area in the study area was 7.52 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares less than that in 2000, and the grassland area decreased to 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of woodland, 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of construction land and 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of traffic land respectively. Correspondingly, 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 ha of groundwater level has changed from 0-4 m to 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 3 ha from 0-4 m to more than 10 m. Based on the investigation of land use type change and groundwater level dynamic change caused by human engineering activities, the most advanced "3s" technique is used to interpret and investigate the ecological vegetation coverage and vegetation types in the study area. The vegetation in the area can be divided into four plant communities: beach vegetation community, Liang land vegetation community, sandy land vegetation community and crop community. The area of sandy vegetation is 1591.8 km ~ 2, accounting for 61.12% of the total area, and low humidity vegetation is 178.48 km ~ 2, accounting for 6.85% of the total area. Since the original hydrological cycle balance has been changed by human engineering, the hydrogeological conditions have also been changed, and the ecological vegetation system has responded to this problem in a timely manner. According to the law of groundwater change and the result of response analysis of ecological vegetation system, the study area should carry out scientific and reasonable planning, adjust the land use mode, and realize the coordinated development of economic development and ecological hydrological environment.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8
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