从档案看清代道光二十二年新疆巴里坤大地震的赈灾对策

发布时间：2018-12-07 08:48

【摘要】：巴里坤地处新疆天山北路东部地区,被誉为"新疆咽喉"。巴里坤是清代新疆地震多发区。其中,清代道光二十二年五月初三至初五巴里坤爆发了7.5级大地震。中国第一历史档案馆的宫中朱批奏折档、台北故宫博物院的宫中朱批奏折档、道光朝上谕档、军机处录副奏折等至少14份清宫藏地震档案极为翔实地记载了此次大地震的相关事宜。这在清代新疆地震史乃至清代全国地震史上堪称罕见。笔者据以上档案等概述了新疆巴里坤大地震的情况,论述了清廷采取的抚恤灾民、官员捐廉、借贷银两、捐款修城、派拨兵遣、起用废员、提拔官员等赈灾对策,进而剖析这些对策的利弊,从而使我们借鉴其合理对策且警惕其不妥对策,这对当今的防灾减灾工作有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Balikun is located in the eastern part of Tianshan North Road, Xinjiang, known as the "throat of Xinjiang." Balikun is a quake-prone area in Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty. Among them, Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty on May 3 to 5, Barricun broke out a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. In the first Chinese Historical Archives of China, Zhu Zongzhao was handed down in the palace, and in the Palace Museum in Taipei, it was recorded in the palace, with Dao Guang facing up the oracle. At least 14 records of the Qinggong earthquake recorded by the military aircraft. This is rare in the earthquake history of Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty and even in the whole history of earthquake in Qing Dynasty. According to the above files, the author summarized the situation of the great earthquake in Balikun, Xinjiang, and discussed the relief measures adopted by the Qing government for the victims, officials donating cheap money, borrowing money, donating funds to repair the city, dispatching troops, using scrap personnel, promoting officials, and so on. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these countermeasures, we can draw lessons from their reasonable countermeasures and guard against their improper countermeasures, which is of great practical significance to the present disaster prevention and mitigation work.
【作者单位】：塔里木大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金西部项目“新疆少数民族传统文化的社会治理功能调适研究”研究成果,项目编号:14XZS024;国家社科基金西部项目“新疆民族地区农村公共安全应急管理体系研究”研究成果,项目编号:13XSH001
【分类号】：K249.3;P315

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