三江盆地绥滨坳陷上侏罗统—下白垩统石油地质特征研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 18:56

【摘要】：三江盆地位于我国黑龙江省东部，大地构造位置处于中亚蒙古构造域和东北亚环西太平洋构造带的复合部位，是以陆相沉积为主、海相和海陆过渡相为辅的中新生代含油气盆地，由于其构造环境及沉积特征的特殊性，三江盆地在我国中生代地层研究中占有重要地位。本文在前人研究成果的基础上，充分利用野外露头剖面以及录井、测井、地震资料，通过室内镜下观察、样品分析测试，结合有机地球化学、薄片鉴定等多种有效的分析手段，对三江盆地西部绥滨坳陷上侏罗 下白垩统地层的石油地质特征进行了研究。 首先对绥滨坳陷上侏罗统 下白垩统主要目的层段沉积特征进行了研究，结果表明：绥滨坳陷主要发育冲积扇相、（扇）三角洲相、湖泊相、湖底扇相、海相共5种沉积相、13种亚相、23种微相；中、晚侏罗世，绥滨坳陷发生广泛的海侵，海水由北向南侵入，，沉积了一套以海相沉积为主的绥滨-东荣组地层，地层发育具有北部厚、南部薄的特点；早白垩世初期，海水开始退出，沉积了一套以三角洲相为主、滨浅湖相为辅的城子河组地层，沉积中心与沉降中心均位于坳陷西部偏南；至早白垩世中期，海水完全退却，沉积了一套以湖泊相为主的穆棱组地层，沉积、沉降中心仍位于坳陷西部偏南。 其次，对绥滨坳陷烃源岩层、储集层、盖层进行了综合评价，结果表明：研究区主要发育城子河组、穆棱组两套烃源岩。城子河组暗色泥岩为好-较好烃源岩，有机质类型为腐殖-腐泥腐殖（Ⅱ2-Ⅲ）型，有机质多处于过成熟阶段；穆棱组暗色泥岩为较好烃源岩，有机质类型以腐殖型（Ⅲ）为主，有机质多处于成熟-高成熟阶段。综合分析认为研究区烃源岩生烃能力较好，以生气为主；储层主要分布在城子河组、穆棱组中，储层类型以三角洲前缘亚相的水下分流河道砂体为主，其次为湖底扇砂体。砂岩碎屑类型以长石、岩屑为主，石英含量较低。储层砂岩发育粒间孔等原生孔隙及粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔等次生孔隙。城子河组砂岩储层成岩阶段为中成岩阶段B期-晚成岩阶段，穆棱组岩储层成岩阶段为中成岩阶段；城子河组储层孔隙度与渗透率均非常低，为超低孔-超低渗储层，穆棱组储层性能优于城子河组，为特低孔-超低渗储层。综合分析表明绥滨坳陷储集层为较差储层；研究区发育城子河组、穆棱组两套区域性盖层，盖层类型以泥岩盖层为主，局部发育凝灰岩盖层。泥岩盖层在宏观上具有分布范围广、横向连续性好的特点，微观上具有孔隙度低、毛细管力大的特点，综合评价表明泥岩盖层封盖能力强，既是研究区主要的区域性盖层，又可作为局部盖层；凝灰岩盖层多与泥岩呈互层状产出，封盖能力强，为局部盖层，盖层发育具有西部好、东部差的特点。 最后，对绥滨坳陷生储盖组合进行了归纳总结：生储盖组合主要分为以下三种类型：自生自储型、下生上储型以及上生下储型。
[Abstract]:The Sanjiang Basin is located in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province in China. The geotectonic position is located in the compound position of the Mongolia tectonic domain in Central Asia and the western Pacific tectonic belt around the Northeast Asian Rim. Mesozoic and Cenozoic petroliferous basins supplemented by marine and continental transitional facies play an important role in the study of Mesozoic strata in China due to the particularity of their tectonic environment and sedimentary characteristics. Based on the previous research results, this paper makes full use of field outcrop profile, logging, seismic data, through indoor observation, sample analysis and testing, combined with organic geochemistry, thin slice identification and other effective analytical means. The petroleum geological characteristics of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata in Suibin depression in the western part of Sanjiang Basin are studied. The sedimentary characteristics of the main target member of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in Suibin Depression are studied. The results show that there are five sedimentary facies in Suibin depression: alluvial fan facies, (fan) delta facies, lacustrine facies, sublacustrine fan facies and marine facies. 13 subfacies, 23 microfacies; In the middle and late Jurassic, extensive transgression occurred in Suibin depression, the sea water intruded from north to south, and a set of strata of Suibin-Dongrong formation, mainly marine sedimentary, were deposited. The strata developed with the characteristics of thick in the north and thin in the south. In the early Cretaceous, the sea water began to withdraw and deposited a set of Chengzihe formation strata with delta facies and shallow lacustrine facies. The sedimentary center and subsidence center were located in the south-west part of the depression. By the middle of the early Cretaceous, the sea water completely retreated and a set of lake-facies Muling formation was deposited. The sedimentation center is still located in the south of the western depression. Secondly, the comprehensive evaluation of source rock, reservoir and caprock in Suibin depression is carried out. The results show that two sets of source rocks are mainly developed in the study area, namely Chengzihe formation and Muling formation. The dark mudstone of Chengzihe formation is a good source rock, and the organic matter type is humus-saprotic mud humus type (鈪

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