MTEM勘探系统中电源站的设计
发布时间：2018-12-23 10:52
【摘要】：人类可以准确预测未来50年中将要发生的流星雨的时刻和方位,却很难预测下一次可能造成巨大人员伤亡的地震会在何时何地发生。由于对地球内部研究的客观困难,人类对地球内部的了解远小于对外太空的了解。但是人类对地面以下的探索的动力并不亚于对太空的探索。对地下的更深了解可以使人类有能力预测地震等地质灾害,极大减少人员伤亡,也可以帮助我们发现石油、天然气、矿石等矿藏,保障经济发展和人民生活水平。 为了探索地下的世界,人们发明了各种地球物理勘探方法,比如利用振动波、电磁波等的反演来推算地下构造。记录这些地下构造反映到地表的物理信息,必须依赖传感器和数据采集网络。而为了更深入、更精细地推算地下构造,必须使用更高精度、更多数量的传感器,从而需要更大、更复杂的数据采集网络。 为了解决大规模数据采集网络必须面对的中心节点复杂度瓶颈问题,设计了一种分布式中心的数据采集网络结构。在这种结构下,中心节点不需要关心整个系统的所有细节,而是将对底层节点的管理尽量剥离开来,下放给系统的分布式中心—中层节点,中心节点只负责高度抽象的行为控制,从而大大减轻管理压力。 本文主要介绍了整个系统的分布式中心—电源站的设计与实现。电源站控制和汇总对底层站体—采集站的管理细节,将主机对采集站的管理细节剥离,成为分布式管理中心；将同步授时、采集站供电、电源站域独立调试等任务从主机剥离,成为分布式授时中心、分布式供电中心和分布式调试中心。电源站作为分布式中心的设计,一方面使得系统通道数增加时主机的管理复杂度不会线性提高,极大减轻主机性能压力,从而提高扩展性；另一方面使得电源站和其域内的采集站在脱离上级管理的情况下,仍能独立进行排列调试和大部分工作任务,提高系统的灵活性和健壮性。 同时电源站在若干关键技术上进行了创新设计：设计并实现LVDS驱动电流动态调节的功能,为横缆低速数据传输提供了自适应的、更低功耗的方案,使本LVDS方案在发送驱动电流这一关键指标上相对标准LVDS降低了87.7%-97.6%；使用单向同步帧的方法对采集站进行时钟同步,达到了小于2μs时钟同步精度,高于同类系统(428XL-FDU等,20μs)；设计实现了基于硬件确认机制的可靠数据传输模块,极大降低电源站CPU性能负担；设计实现电源站CPU软件和FPGA逻辑远程在线升级,极大提高了调试、维护的便利性。 本文首先在绪论中介绍了地球物理勘探的背景原理,然后在第二章讨论了基于多通道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)的数据采集网络的目标与技术指标,接着在第三章介绍了数据采集网络的设计,包括分布式中心结构的简介,分布式管理方式简介,和网络中的四层节点—采集站、电源站、交叉站、主机的简介。 在第四章中,详细介绍了作为分布式中心的电源站的硬件与软件实现。首先介绍了为了实现数据命令流的可靠收发与转发所设计的物理层、链路层和应用层的实现,然后介绍了分布式管理、分布式授时、分布式供电、分布式调试和离线存储的设计与实现,最后介绍了作为特色的LVDS驱动电流动态调节功能和CPU/FPGA远程在线升级功能的实现。 最后在第五章介绍了对数据传输性能和时钟同步性能等关键指标的测试和分析,在第六章进行了所做工作的总结和对未来研究的展望。
[Abstract]:Human can accurately predict the time and direction of the meteor shower that will take place in the next 50 years, but it is difficult to predict when and where the next earthquake that may cause massive casualties. Because of the objective difficulty of the internal study of the earth, the human understanding of the inside of the earth is far less than that of the outer space. But the power of human exploration below the ground is no less than the exploration of space. The deeper understanding of the underground can make the human beings have the ability to predict the geological disasters such as the earthquake, greatly reduce the casualties, and can also help us to find the mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, ore and the like, and guarantee the economic development and the people's living standard. In order to explore the underground world, various geophysical exploration methods, such as the use of the inversion of the vibration wave and the electromagnetic wave, are invented to calculate the underground structure. in order to record the physical information of the surface, it is necessary to rely on the sensor and the data acquisition network in order to more in-depth and more precise estimation of the underground structure, a higher degree of precision and a greater number of sensors must be used, requiring a larger, more complex data acquisition network In order to solve the problem of the complex bottleneck of the central node that the large-scale data acquisition network has to face, a distributed-center data acquisition network is designed. In this structure, the central node does not need to be concerned with all the details of the whole system, but the management of the bottom node is to be separated as much as possible, and the central node of the distributed central node is lowered to the middle node of the distributed central node of the system, and the central node is only responsible for the highly abstract behavior control, thereby greatly reducing the pipe. The paper mainly introduces the distribution center and power station of the whole system. The design and implementation. The power station controls and summarizes the management details of the base station body and the acquisition station, and the management details of the host to the acquisition station are stripped to become the distributed management center. The tasks such as the power supply of the acquisition station and the independent debugging of the power station domain are stripped from the host to be distributed when the synchronization service is to be synchronized. Time service center, distributed power supply center and distribution the power station is used as the design of the distributed center, on the one hand, the management complexity of the host is not improved linearly when the number of the system channels is increased, the performance pressure of the host is greatly reduced, and the expansibility is improved; on the other hand, the power supply station and the acquisition station in the domain are separated from the superior pipe, In the case of the system, the arrangement and debugging and most of the work tasks can be carried out independently, and the flexibility of the system can be improved. The design and implementation of the function of the dynamic regulation of the LVDS drive current provide an adaptive way for the low-speed data transmission of the transverse cable. Compared with the similar system (428XL-FDU), the scheme of lower power consumption enables the LVDS scheme to reduce the relative standard LVDS in the key index of transmitting the driving current by 85.7%-97.6%; clock synchronization is performed on the acquisition station by using a one-way synchronous frame, so that the clock synchronization accuracy of less than 2. m and the like, a reliable data transmission module based on a hardware confirmation mechanism is designed, the CPU performance burden of the power supply station is greatly reduced, the CPU software of the power supply station and the FPGA logic remote on-line upgrade are realized, the debugging is greatly improved, This paper first introduces the background of geophysical exploration in the introduction, and then discusses the target and technical index of the data acquisition network based on the multi-channel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) in the second chapter, and then introduces in the third chapter. The design of the data acquisition network includes the introduction of the distributed central structure, the introduction of the distributed management mode, the four-layer node information acquisition station and the power supply station in the network, a profile of a cross-station, a host. In chapter 4, a detailed introduction is given as a distributed center. The hardware and software of the power station is realized in this paper. The physical layer, the link layer and the application layer are introduced in order to realize the reliable transmission and reception of the data command stream, and then the distributed management, distributed time service, distributed power supply and distributed debugging are introduced. and the design and implementation of the off-line storage are realized, the dynamic regulation function of the LVDS driving current and the CPU/ FPGA as the characteristic are finally introduced, In the last chapter, the test and analysis of key indexes such as data transmission performance and clock synchronization performance are introduced, and the work is done in the sixth chapter.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631
本文编号：2389885
[Abstract]:Human can accurately predict the time and direction of the meteor shower that will take place in the next 50 years, but it is difficult to predict when and where the next earthquake that may cause massive casualties. Because of the objective difficulty of the internal study of the earth, the human understanding of the inside of the earth is far less than that of the outer space. But the power of human exploration below the ground is no less than the exploration of space. The deeper understanding of the underground can make the human beings have the ability to predict the geological disasters such as the earthquake, greatly reduce the casualties, and can also help us to find the mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, ore and the like, and guarantee the economic development and the people's living standard. In order to explore the underground world, various geophysical exploration methods, such as the use of the inversion of the vibration wave and the electromagnetic wave, are invented to calculate the underground structure. in order to record the physical information of the surface, it is necessary to rely on the sensor and the data acquisition network in order to more in-depth and more precise estimation of the underground structure, a higher degree of precision and a greater number of sensors must be used, requiring a larger, more complex data acquisition network In order to solve the problem of the complex bottleneck of the central node that the large-scale data acquisition network has to face, a distributed-center data acquisition network is designed. In this structure, the central node does not need to be concerned with all the details of the whole system, but the management of the bottom node is to be separated as much as possible, and the central node of the distributed central node is lowered to the middle node of the distributed central node of the system, and the central node is only responsible for the highly abstract behavior control, thereby greatly reducing the pipe. The paper mainly introduces the distribution center and power station of the whole system. The design and implementation. The power station controls and summarizes the management details of the base station body and the acquisition station, and the management details of the host to the acquisition station are stripped to become the distributed management center. The tasks such as the power supply of the acquisition station and the independent debugging of the power station domain are stripped from the host to be distributed when the synchronization service is to be synchronized. Time service center, distributed power supply center and distribution the power station is used as the design of the distributed center, on the one hand, the management complexity of the host is not improved linearly when the number of the system channels is increased, the performance pressure of the host is greatly reduced, and the expansibility is improved; on the other hand, the power supply station and the acquisition station in the domain are separated from the superior pipe, In the case of the system, the arrangement and debugging and most of the work tasks can be carried out independently, and the flexibility of the system can be improved. The design and implementation of the function of the dynamic regulation of the LVDS drive current provide an adaptive way for the low-speed data transmission of the transverse cable. Compared with the similar system (428XL-FDU), the scheme of lower power consumption enables the LVDS scheme to reduce the relative standard LVDS in the key index of transmitting the driving current by 85.7%-97.6%; clock synchronization is performed on the acquisition station by using a one-way synchronous frame, so that the clock synchronization accuracy of less than 2. m and the like, a reliable data transmission module based on a hardware confirmation mechanism is designed, the CPU performance burden of the power supply station is greatly reduced, the CPU software of the power supply station and the FPGA logic remote on-line upgrade are realized, the debugging is greatly improved, This paper first introduces the background of geophysical exploration in the introduction, and then discusses the target and technical index of the data acquisition network based on the multi-channel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM) in the second chapter, and then introduces in the third chapter. The design of the data acquisition network includes the introduction of the distributed central structure, the introduction of the distributed management mode, the four-layer node information acquisition station and the power supply station in the network, a profile of a cross-station, a host. In chapter 4, a detailed introduction is given as a distributed center. The hardware and software of the power station is realized in this paper. The physical layer, the link layer and the application layer are introduced in order to realize the reliable transmission and reception of the data command stream, and then the distributed management, distributed time service, distributed power supply and distributed debugging are introduced. and the design and implementation of the off-line storage are realized, the dynamic regulation function of the LVDS driving current and the CPU/ FPGA as the characteristic are finally introduced, In the last chapter, the test and analysis of key indexes such as data transmission performance and clock synchronization performance are introduced, and the work is done in the sixth chapter.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631
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