基于TDR技术的滑坡监测系统研制

发布时间：2019-01-02 13:55

【摘要】：一直以来,地质灾害是国家自然灾害防治的重点,而滑坡灾害是地质灾害中较为严重的一类,滑坡灾害的预警也越来越受到人们的关注。而国内众多的滑坡监测项目及科学研究使用的都是国外昂贵的监测仪器,如Campbell Scientific的TDR100、Tektronix的1502C/CS系列等,同时这些国外的仪器还需购买配套的相关设备。由于价格不菲,这些系统一般只在大型的滑坡监测中使用,而在中小型滑坡中得不到广泛应用。本文首先阐述了TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)技术在山体滑坡监测中的基本原理,对脉冲信号在同轴电缆中的传输进行了理论研究,并设计了一套包括硬件和软件的TDR滑坡监测系统。本系统由三大部分组成:同轴电缆、下位机硬件电路、上位机应用软件。硬件电路向同轴电缆发射窄脉冲信号,同时对发射的窄脉冲信号和反射的脉冲信号进行等效采样,等效采样得到的数据使用SDRAM进行缓存,最后将SDRAM中的所有数据通过USB发送到电脑上;安装在电脑上的上位机应用软件对采集的数据进行波形重构、显示、分析和处理,最后根据滑坡体状况判断是否需要发出滑坡预警。在文章的最后进行了TDR原理样机的实验室试验,通过同轴电缆剪切装置来模拟滑坡体对同轴电缆的挤压和剪切作用,记录了大量的试验数据和测试波形,并应用本文理论推导的TDR计算模型进行了验证和分析,通过分析本系统的测量误差,证实了本文所推导的TDR计算模型的正确性和所设计的滑坡监测系统的可用性。
[Abstract]:Geological disasters have been the focus of national natural disasters prevention and treatment, and landslide disasters are a more serious type of geological disasters, landslide disaster early warning has been paid more and more attention. Many landslide monitoring projects and scientific research in China use expensive monitoring instruments abroad, such as the 1502C/CS series of Campbell Scientific's TDR100,Tektronix. At the same time, these foreign instruments also need to purchase related equipment. Because of the high price, these systems are only used in large landslide monitoring, but not widely used in small and medium landslides. In this paper, the basic principle of TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) technology in landslide monitoring is introduced, the transmission of pulse signal in coaxial cable is studied theoretically, and a set of TDR landslide monitoring system including hardware and software is designed. The system consists of three parts: coaxial cable, lower computer hardware circuit, upper computer application software. The hardware circuit transmits the narrow pulse signal to the coaxial cable. At the same time, the transmitted narrow pulse signal and the reflected pulse signal are sampled equivalent. The data obtained from the equivalent sampling are cached by SDRAM. Finally, all the data in SDRAM are sent to the computer through USB. The upper computer application software installed on the computer reconstructs, displays, analyzes and processes the collected data. Finally, according to the condition of the landslide body, the landslide warning is judged. At the end of the paper, the laboratory test of the prototype of TDR principle is carried out, and the extrusion and shearing of coaxial cable is simulated by coaxial cable shearing device, and a large number of test data and test waveforms are recorded. By analyzing the measurement error of the system, the correctness of the TDR calculation model and the usability of the designed landslide monitoring system are verified by using the TDR calculation model derived in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.22;TP274

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