从端点走向连续:河流沉积模式研究进展述评
发布时间：2019-01-14 15:27
【摘要】：从河道类型的划分、河床演变与河型转换、河道沉积与河流砂体的建筑结构要素、河漫滩沉积、季节性河流与分支河流体系、河流沉积相模式、河流沉积学研究技术与方法等方面对国内外河流沉积模式的研究进展进行了综述,认为近十年来河流沉积学的理论和方法都发生了重要的变化。地貌学家、沉积学家和工程师认识到河道形态是连续可变的,而不是只有4~40多个端点类型。河床的演变受河床比降、流量变幅、河岸沉积物粒度构成、气候、植被以及构造沉降速率等多方面的影响。垂向剖面分析法难以对古河流类型做出正确的判断,运用建筑结构要素分析法重建河道内大型底形的地貌形态是河型判别和河流相模式重建的正确方法。河漫滩是河流沉积事件记录最为齐全的部位,对河漫滩、天然堤和泛滥平原沉积层序的研究能够揭示更多古河流沉积过程以及古环境、古气候和古生物方面的信息。对季节性河流、受季风强烈影响地区的河流、以及不同气候带河流所发育的独特沉积构造和建筑结构要素的研究不断增加。分支河流体系的概念得到越来越多的应用,但也得到不少质疑。我国学者应当注重对现代河流地貌形态和沉积过程的观察,把河床演变学的定量方法与沉积学的观点、理论和资料相结合,利用露头、三维地震资料和探地雷达技术建立河流砂体内部建筑结构信息数据库,加强对古河流河漫滩和泛滥平原的沉积过程、特征及其控制因素的研究,加强对不同构造和气候条件下河流沉积的差异性研究,不断发展河流沉积学研究技术,加强河流沉积学实验室建设和研究队伍建设,加强国际交流与合作,使我国河流沉积学为国家经济社会发展提供更加有力和有效的支撑,为推动国际河流沉积学发展做出中国人自己的贡献。
[Abstract]:From the classification of river channel type, river bed evolution and river type transformation, river channel sedimentation and river sand body building structure elements, flood flat deposit, seasonal river and branch river system, river sedimentary facies model, The research progress of fluvial sedimentary models at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper. It is considered that the theories and methods of fluvial sedimentology have changed greatly in recent ten years. Geomorphologists, sedimentologists and engineers recognize that river patterns are continuously variable rather than just more than 40 endpoints. The evolution of river bed is influenced by the ratio of river bed, the variation of flow rate, the grain size composition of riverbank sediment, climate, vegetation and tectonic subsidence rate. It is difficult to judge the ancient river type by vertical section analysis. It is the correct method to distinguish the river type and reconstruct the river facies model by using the building structure element analysis method to reconstruct the geomorphology of the large bottom shape in the river course. Floodplain is the most well-recorded part of river sedimentary events. The study of sediment sequence of floodplain, natural embankment and flood plain can reveal more information about paleofluvial deposition process, paleoclimate and paleontology. The study of seasonal rivers, rivers strongly affected by monsoons and the unique sedimentary structures and architectural elements developed by rivers in different climatic zones is increasing. The concept of branching river system has been applied more and more, but it has also been questioned. Chinese scholars should pay attention to the observation of the geomorphology and sedimentary process of modern rivers, combine the quantitative method of river bed evolution with the viewpoint, theory and data of sedimentology, and make use of outcrop. Three-dimensional seismic data and ground penetrating radar technology are used to establish the building structure information database of river sand body, to strengthen the study of sedimentary process, characteristics and controlling factors of ancient river floodplain and flood plain. To strengthen the research on the differences of fluvial sediments under different tectonic and climatic conditions, to continuously develop fluvial sedimentology research techniques, to strengthen the construction of fluvial sedimentology laboratories and research teams, and to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, The river sedimentology in China can provide more powerful and effective support for the development of national economy and society, and make Chinese own contribution to promoting the development of international river sedimentology.
【作者单位】： 长江大学地球科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41772094,41302096) 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05027-002-007)~~
【分类号】：P343.1;P512.2
[Abstract]:From the classification of river channel type, river bed evolution and river type transformation, river channel sedimentation and river sand body building structure elements, flood flat deposit, seasonal river and branch river system, river sedimentary facies model, The research progress of fluvial sedimentary models at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper. It is considered that the theories and methods of fluvial sedimentology have changed greatly in recent ten years. Geomorphologists, sedimentologists and engineers recognize that river patterns are continuously variable rather than just more than 40 endpoints. The evolution of river bed is influenced by the ratio of river bed, the variation of flow rate, the grain size composition of riverbank sediment, climate, vegetation and tectonic subsidence rate. It is difficult to judge the ancient river type by vertical section analysis. It is the correct method to distinguish the river type and reconstruct the river facies model by using the building structure element analysis method to reconstruct the geomorphology of the large bottom shape in the river course. Floodplain is the most well-recorded part of river sedimentary events. The study of sediment sequence of floodplain, natural embankment and flood plain can reveal more information about paleofluvial deposition process, paleoclimate and paleontology. The study of seasonal rivers, rivers strongly affected by monsoons and the unique sedimentary structures and architectural elements developed by rivers in different climatic zones is increasing. The concept of branching river system has been applied more and more, but it has also been questioned. Chinese scholars should pay attention to the observation of the geomorphology and sedimentary process of modern rivers, combine the quantitative method of river bed evolution with the viewpoint, theory and data of sedimentology, and make use of outcrop. Three-dimensional seismic data and ground penetrating radar technology are used to establish the building structure information database of river sand body, to strengthen the study of sedimentary process, characteristics and controlling factors of ancient river floodplain and flood plain. To strengthen the research on the differences of fluvial sediments under different tectonic and climatic conditions, to continuously develop fluvial sedimentology research techniques, to strengthen the construction of fluvial sedimentology laboratories and research teams, and to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, The river sedimentology in China can provide more powerful and effective support for the development of national economy and society, and make Chinese own contribution to promoting the development of international river sedimentology.
【作者单位】： 长江大学地球科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41772094,41302096) 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05027-002-007)~~
【分类号】：P343.1;P512.2
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7 慕，
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