地质灾害实时监测与信息管理集成系统关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 08:45

【摘要】：我国是世界上地质灾害最严重、受威胁人口最多的国家之一,地质条件复杂,构造活动频繁,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等灾害隐患多、分布广,且隐蔽性、突发性和破坏性强,防范难度大。地质灾害在我国平均每年造成1000多人死亡,直接经济损失上百亿元。地质灾害的发生以及变化,需要通过监测才能较准确地掌握;地质灾害防治工程的效果,也需要通过监测对比方能检测出来;地质灾害的监测数据也是进行地质灾害科学研究的重要依据。本世纪前期气候变化和地震均趋于活跃期,强降雨和地震引发的滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地裂缝灾害将加剧,未来5-10年仍是地质灾害的高发期,因此我们有必要采取实时监测的方式,采用先进的数据采集技术,使用可靠的传输网络,为预测提供更详细的数据,为预防争取更多的时间。地质灾害的发生有一定的形成条件,致灾地质作用需要在一定的动力诱发(破坏)下发生,诱发动力有的是天然的,有的是人为的,不同的地质灾害在形成条件、造成危害等方面存在区别。本文分析了我国地质灾害的分类、发育分布特点及危害情况,研究了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等典型突发地质灾害的发生机制,探索了应用直觉梯形模糊理论进行地质灾害危险性评估的方法。监测所使用的设备对监测技术方法的发展是至关重要的,监测技术方法分为直接信息类、间接信息类和诱发因素类。本文研究了常见的监测方法和设备,包括地表位移监测、地下变形监测、水文监测以及数据采集和报警设备等,分析了摄影测量中数码摄像机的误差来源,按照标定数据提取、标定模型建立、参数计算和优化、畸变矫正的步骤建立了一种精确标定方法,先后对像素量化噪声误差、图像坐标轴正交误差、不对心误差、镜头径向畸变误差和切向畸变误差作了修正,实验结果表明,此方法可以得到非常精确的标定结果。监测的数据传输包括区域内的短距离传输,远程网络的传输以及传输过程的数据的校验、压缩、加密等。本文基于无线传感器网络特性,提出了基于量子免疫的能量空洞避免算法,该算法综合了量子计算的天然并行性、免疫算法的充分自适应性,它比传统的进化算法具有更好的种群多样性,更快的收敛速度,更有效的全局和局域寻优能力,对比实验结果表明,该算法相对于已有算法能有效提高网络效率。对在监测中常用的远程通信技术进行了研究,包括GPRS、LTE、卫星数字通信等。介绍了常见的数据压缩方法和校验方法,提出了适合监测的数据压缩方法。研究了常见的数据加密方法,并基于Lorenz混沌映射和有限域理论建立了一种新的图像加密方法,该方法首先利用Lorenz混沌映射将原始图像信息分为图像矩阵,然后在有限域中对图像矩阵进行处理,通过混沌映射与在有限域中计算相结合的方法,这种新的加密方法具有较好的效果和较快的速度,实现了速度和效果的平衡。目前的监测软件存在可维护性不高、数据展示效果不好等问题。本文讨论了软件的可维护性在地质灾害实时监测与信息管理集成系统开发中的重要性,研究了三层架构、Silverlight、MVVM模式等软件开发技术,提出将动态编译技术用于系统开发,使得软件的使用者也可以一定程度地持续改进更新现有软件系统。然后对系统进行了总体设计,在实现地表位移、深部位移、裂缝位移、雨量、水位、孔隙水压(渗压)、应力、土压力等监测数据的实时采集、上传和处理存储的基础上,使用Silverlight技术及MVVM模式实现了客户端的数据展示。地质灾害实时监测与信息管理集成系统在万州区望江路变形体鞍子坝居民区监测示范点、江南新区政协办公楼滑坡监测示范点、万州区四季花城7#楼危岩监测示范点等三个监测项目点进行了应用。文本首先介绍了各个监测点的基本情况、成因机制及变形趋势、监测内容及监测点的布设,然后对系统监测的数据进行了分析。结果表明系统能够较好地反映各项监测参数的实时值以及其持续的变化趋势,为防灾减灾和预测预报提供依据。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most serious geological disasters in the world, one of the most threatened countries, the complex geological conditions, the frequent construction activities, the collapse, the landslide, the debris flow, the ground collapse, the ground settlement, the ground fissure, etc., the disaster is more and more distributed, and the concealment, the sudden and the destructiveness are strong, And the prevention difficulty is large. The geological disaster has caused more than 1,000 people to die each year in China, and the direct economic loss is one billion yuan. The occurrence and change of the geological disaster needs to be accurately controlled through the monitoring; the effect of the geological disaster prevention and control project is also required to be detected by the monitoring; and the monitoring data of the geological disasters is also an important basis for the scientific research of the geological disasters. In the early period of this century, the climate change and the earthquake all tend to be active, and the landslide, the collapse, the debris flow and the ground crack caused by the strong rainfall and the earthquake will increase, and the future 5 to 10 years is still the high period of the geological disaster, so we need to take the way of real-time monitoring, With the advanced data acquisition technology, a reliable transmission network is used to provide more detailed data for prediction and more time for prevention. The occurrence of geological disasters has a certain formation condition, and the geological effect of the disaster needs to occur under certain power-induced (damage), and the induced power is natural, some are man-made, and different geological disasters are different in terms of formation conditions and harm. In this paper, the classification, development and distribution of geological disasters in China are analyzed, and the occurrence mechanism of typical sudden geological disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow is studied. The method of applying the intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy theory to the assessment of the risk of geological hazard is also discussed. Monitoring the equipment used is of great importance to the development of the monitoring technology method, and the monitoring technology method is classified into direct information class, indirect information class and inducing factor class. This paper studies the common monitoring methods and equipment, including surface displacement monitoring, underground deformation monitoring, hydrographic monitoring, data acquisition and alarm equipment, etc., analyzes the error source of the digital camera in the photogrammetry, and sets up the calibration model according to the calibration data extraction and calibration model. In the step of parameter calculation and optimization and distortion correction, a precise calibration method is established, and the pixel quantization noise error, the image coordinate axis orthogonal error, the correction center error, the lens radial distortion error and the tangential distortion error are corrected successively, and the experimental results show that, This method can result in a very accurate calibration result. The monitored data transmission includes short-range transmission in the area, transmission of the remote network, and verification, compression, encryption, and the like of the data of the transmission process. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the wireless sensor network, a quantum-immune-based energy-cavity avoidance algorithm is proposed, which combines the natural parallelism of the quantum computation and the full adaptability of the immune algorithm. It has better population diversity and faster convergence rate than the traditional evolutionary algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency of the network compared with the existing algorithm. The remote communication technologies used in the monitoring are studied, including GPRS, LTE, satellite digital communication and so on. The common data compression method and check method are introduced, and the data compression method suitable for monitoring is put forward. The common data encryption method is studied, and a new method of image encryption is established based on the Lorenz hybrid mapping and the finite field theory. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, dividing the original image information into an image matrix by a Lorenz hybrid mapping mapping, and then processing the image matrix in a finite field, The new encryption method has better effect and faster speed and realizes the balance of speed and effect through the combination of the hybrid mapping and the calculation in the finite field. The current monitoring software has the problems of low maintainability, poor data display effect and the like. This paper discusses the importance of the maintainability of the software in the development of the real-time monitoring and information management integrated system of geological disasters, and studies the software development technologies such as three-layer architecture, Silverlight, MVVM mode and so on. So that the user of the software can continuously improve and update the existing software system to a certain extent. then the overall design of the system is carried out on the basis of real-time acquisition, uploading and processing of monitoring data such as surface displacement, deep displacement, crack displacement, rainfall, water level, pore water pressure (seepage pressure), stress, earth pressure and the like, Data presentation of the client is achieved using the Silverlight technology and the MVVM mode. The real-time monitoring and information management integrated system of geological hazards has been applied to three monitoring project points, such as the monitoring demonstration point of the area monitoring and demonstration site of the saddle and sub-dam of the Wangjiang Road of Wanzhou District, the landslide monitoring demonstration point of the CPPCC office building of the New District of the South, and the dangerous rock monitoring demonstration point of the 7 # building in the four-year-four of the Wanzhou District. The text first introduces the basic situation, the cause mechanism and the deformation trend of each monitoring point, the monitoring content and the layout of the monitoring points, and then analyzes the data monitored by the system. The results show that the system can better reflect the real-time value of various monitoring parameters and its continuous trend, and provide the basis for disaster prevention and reduction and prediction.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P694

【相似文献】