下扬子盆地地震采集方法研究

发布时间：2019-03-28 06:36

【摘要】：下扬子盆地是一个大型海相中、古生界沉积实体,是寻找大型油气田的远景区域之一,但是下扬子地区复杂的近地表条件和复杂的地下构造条件严重制约了油气勘探的进展。本文以黄桥和句容两个典型地区为例,对影响资料品质的本质因素进行了剖析,从观测系统设计及激发参数两个关键点入手进行研究,寻求改善资料品质的方法。首先对研究区的近地表条件和地下地质构造条件进行了分析,并对以往采集的原始资料进行了定性、定量分析,找出以往采集资料的缺陷和不足并与地表条件及地下构造条件做对应性分析,总结出复杂地表、复杂构造分别在地震资料上的反应及其对地震资料品质的影响程度,为后续针对性研究提供基础。然后在资料分析的基础上针对存在的剖题制定观测系统设计原则和思路,观测系统主要解决地下构造带来的成像困难的问题,因此在本文中开展了基于波动方程正演叠前成像的观测系统设计研究方法,对不同波动方程的算法、优点及应用适用性进行了分析,并以黄桥、句容地区为例设计了观测系统,通过实际采集资料验证设计的合理性。最后以黄桥地区为例对特殊近地表条件(流沙发育,地表疏松)下的激发参数展开了研究,以岩石爆破机理为基础开展了不同爆速炸药、组合井激发效果的研究。通过本文的研究,形成了适合研究区的观测系统设计方法及激发参数设计方法,获得了科学的观测系统参数及激发参数,有效提高了地震资料成像效果。
[Abstract]:The Lower Yangtze Basin is a large marine facies and Paleozoic sedimentary entity, which is one of the prospective areas for searching for large oil and gas fields. However, the complex near-surface conditions and complex underground structural conditions in the Lower Yangtze region seriously restrict the progress of oil and gas exploration. Taking two typical areas of Huangqiao and Jurong as examples, this paper analyzes the essential factors affecting the quality of data, and studies the two key points of observation system design and excitation parameters to find ways to improve the quality of data. First of all, the near-surface conditions and underground geological structural conditions of the study area are analyzed, and the original data collected in the past are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The defects and inadequacies of the previous acquisition data are found and the corresponding analysis with the surface conditions and the underground structural conditions is made. The responses of the complex surface and complex structures to the seismic data and their influence on the quality of the seismic data are summarized. To provide a basis for further targeted research. Then, on the basis of data analysis, the design principles and ideas of observation system are made according to the existing section problems, and the observation system mainly solves the problem of imaging difficulties caused by underground structure. Therefore, the design method of observation system based on wave equation forward prestack imaging is carried out in this paper. The algorithms, advantages and application applicability of different wave equations are analyzed, and the observation system is designed by taking Huangqiao and Jurong area as examples. The rationality of the design is verified by the actual data acquisition. Finally, taking Huangqiao area as an example, the excitation parameters under special near-surface conditions (quicksand development, surface looseness) are studied. Based on the rock blasting mechanism, the excitation effects of different explosive rates and combination wells are studied. Through the research in this paper, the design methods of observation system and excitation parameters suitable for the study area have been formed. The scientific observation system parameters and excitation parameters have been obtained, and the imaging effect of seismic data has been improved effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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