泥岩涂抹变形机制的物理实验模拟研究

发布时间：2019-03-30 21:34

【摘要】：本文以物理模拟为手段对影响泥岩涂抹发育的主控因素进行了模拟研究。根据现有的实验条件和国内外构造物理实验的研究现状,设计制造出适合本实验的实验砂箱。结合实际岩石的物理性质进行相似比计算,最终确定出模拟泥岩涂抹理想的实验的理想材料。实验中首次采用了干燥的粘土模拟了上地壳的塑性层的变形,有效避免了石英砂的的虹吸现象。实验中以影响泥岩涂抹形成的主控因素为实验的变量,分别以粘土层的厚度、泥地比、能干性差异和组合方式等因素为变量对泥岩涂抹发育的影响进行了模拟。应用PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)技术对实验模型剖面上剪切应变的分布和变化进行计算,进而对断层的发育特征及泥岩涂抹的形成演化进行讨论。通过多次的实验证实,泥岩涂抹最容易失去连续性的位置是正断层下盘转折端附近(cutoffs)。在层序相似的条件下,泥地比越大越有利于泥岩涂抹的形成。当砂-泥互层顶底的石英砂层的能干性比砂-泥互层中夹层石英砂的能干性强时,能干性差异才会影响砂-泥互层整体的变形。随着断距的增大,断层的发育呈现出阶段性,并且在断层分段生长的阶段有利于泥岩涂抹的形成。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the main control factors affecting mudstone smearing development were simulated by means of physical simulation. According to the existing experimental conditions and the research status of structural physics experiment at home and abroad, the experimental sandbox suitable for this experiment is designed and manufactured. Based on the calculation of the similarity ratio of the physical properties of the actual rock, the ideal material for simulating the experiment of mudstone smearing is finally determined. For the first time, dry clay is used to simulate the deformation of plastic layer in the upper crust, which effectively avoids the siphon phenomenon of quartz sand. In the experiment, the main factors affecting mudstone smearing formation were taken as variables, and the influence of clay layer thickness, clay / soil ratio, energy-dryness difference and combination mode on mudstone smearing development was simulated. The distribution and variation of shear strain on the profile of the experimental model were calculated by using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique, and then the characteristics of fault development and the formation and evolution of mudstone smearing were discussed. It has been proved by many experiments that the position where mudstone smears are most likely to lose continuity is (cutoffs). Near the turning point of the lower disk of the normal fault. Under the condition of similar sequence, the larger the mud-soil ratio is, the more favorable the mudstone smear formation is. When the dry property of quartz sand layer at the top and bottom of sand-mud interlayer is stronger than that of interbedded quartz sand in sand-mud interlayer, the difference of energy dryness will affect the deformation of sand-mud interlayer as a whole. With the increase of fault distance, the development of fault presents a stage, and it is beneficial to mudstone smear formation at the stage of fault segment growth.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

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