生态环境约束下的格尔木河流域地下水资源评价
发布时间：2019-04-12 18:02
【摘要】：格尔木河流域位于西北干旱地区柴达木盆地南部,流域内降水稀少,蒸发强烈。流域发育典型的冲洪积扇,山前冲洪积扇沉积巨厚的砂卵砾石,是良好的地下水储存介质,地下水资源丰富,是重要的供水水源。整体上研究区地下水开发利用程度较低,地下水具有很大的开发利用潜力。格尔木市坐落于格尔木河冲洪积扇上,为柴达木盆地重点扶持和发展的中心城市,随着城市发展对地下水的需求量将会日益增加。干旱区生态环境脆弱,地下水不仅是供水水源,还具有重要的生态功能,以往的地下水资源评价缺乏对生态环境的考虑,评价结果可靠性不高,因此,在生态约束的条件下开展流域地下水资源评价,掌握该区地下水资源量,对研究区可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文大量收集了研究区地下水勘察资料,综合分析了研究区水文地质条件和补径排条件,利用地下水数值模拟软件GMS建立了地下水流数值模拟模型(2011.1~2015.12)。通过对研究区5年地下水均衡进行分析,得出多年平均补给量6.91×10~8m~3/a,多年平均排泄量6.75×10~8m~3/a。综合考虑研究区用水规划和生态环境约束条件,提出了五种地下水开发利用方案对地下水进行水资源评价,预测期30年。预测模型模拟得出研究区总补给量为8.56×10~8m~3/a,地下水开采量组成主要包括袭夺的蒸发量、泉排泄量和动用的地下水储存量。西郊水源地投入开采后,综合对比方案三、方案四和方案五的蒸发量和泉排泄量的减少量、适宜植被生长区退缩面积和最大降深出现的位置及深度,推荐方案三为最佳开采方案。最大降深的位置出现在三期水源地,降深约16m,袭夺的无效蒸发量和泉排泄量总量占开采量的47.95%,植被适宜生长区面积缩减13.30%。因此,确定研究区可开采量为2.92×10~8m~3/a,基本满足干旱区地下水可持续发展和生态协调发展,为该区地下水合理开发利用和地表生态环境保护提供了依据和保障。
[Abstract]:Guermu River basin is located in the south of Qaidam Basin in the arid area of northwest China. The precipitation in the basin is rare and the evaporation is strong. Typical alluvial fan is developed in the basin, and the alluvial fan in front of the mountain is deposited with huge thickness of sand and gravel. It is a good storage medium for groundwater and abundant in underground water resources, which is an important source of water supply. On the whole, the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the study area is low, and the groundwater has great potential of exploitation and utilization. Guermu City is located on the alluvial fan of the Germ River. It is the central city supporting and developing the Qaidam Basin. With the development of the city, the demand for groundwater will increase day by day. The ecological environment in arid areas is fragile, groundwater is not only the source of water supply, but also has important ecological functions. In the past, the evaluation of groundwater resources lacked the consideration of ecological environment and the reliability of the evaluation results was not high. Therefore, It is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the study area to carry out the assessment of groundwater resources in the basin and master the quantity of groundwater resources in this area under the condition of ecological constraints. This paper collected a large number of groundwater survey data in the study area, comprehensively analyzed the hydrogeological conditions and replenishment and drainage conditions in the study area, and established the groundwater numerical simulation model (2011.1 ~ 2015.12) by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS. Based on the analysis of 5-year groundwater equilibrium in the study area, the results show that the average multi-year recharge is 6.91 脳 10 脳 10 8 m / 3 a and the multi-year average discharge is 6.75 脳 10 8 m / 3 a. Considering the water use planning and eco-environmental constraints in the study area, five groundwater development and utilization schemes are put forward to evaluate groundwater resources, and the prediction period is 30 years. The total recharge of the study area is 8.56 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, and the groundwater exploitation is mainly composed of evaporation, spring discharge and groundwater storage. After the exploitation of the water source in the western suburbs, the reduction of evaporation and spring discharge of schemes 3, 4 and 5 is suitable for the receding area of vegetation growth area and the location and depth of the maximum drop depth. The third recommended scheme is the best mining scheme. The maximum depth drop occurred in the water source of the third stage, which was about 16 m, and the ineffective evaporation and spring discharge accounted for 47.95% of the total exploitation, and the area of the suitable growth area of vegetation decreased by 13.30%. Therefore, the exploitable capacity of the study area is determined to be 2.92 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, which basically satisfies the sustainable development and ecological coordinated development of groundwater in arid area, which provides the basis and guarantee for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater and the protection of surface ecological environment in this area.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8
[Abstract]:Guermu River basin is located in the south of Qaidam Basin in the arid area of northwest China. The precipitation in the basin is rare and the evaporation is strong. Typical alluvial fan is developed in the basin, and the alluvial fan in front of the mountain is deposited with huge thickness of sand and gravel. It is a good storage medium for groundwater and abundant in underground water resources, which is an important source of water supply. On the whole, the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the study area is low, and the groundwater has great potential of exploitation and utilization. Guermu City is located on the alluvial fan of the Germ River. It is the central city supporting and developing the Qaidam Basin. With the development of the city, the demand for groundwater will increase day by day. The ecological environment in arid areas is fragile, groundwater is not only the source of water supply, but also has important ecological functions. In the past, the evaluation of groundwater resources lacked the consideration of ecological environment and the reliability of the evaluation results was not high. Therefore, It is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the study area to carry out the assessment of groundwater resources in the basin and master the quantity of groundwater resources in this area under the condition of ecological constraints. This paper collected a large number of groundwater survey data in the study area, comprehensively analyzed the hydrogeological conditions and replenishment and drainage conditions in the study area, and established the groundwater numerical simulation model (2011.1 ~ 2015.12) by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS. Based on the analysis of 5-year groundwater equilibrium in the study area, the results show that the average multi-year recharge is 6.91 脳 10 脳 10 8 m / 3 a and the multi-year average discharge is 6.75 脳 10 8 m / 3 a. Considering the water use planning and eco-environmental constraints in the study area, five groundwater development and utilization schemes are put forward to evaluate groundwater resources, and the prediction period is 30 years. The total recharge of the study area is 8.56 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, and the groundwater exploitation is mainly composed of evaporation, spring discharge and groundwater storage. After the exploitation of the water source in the western suburbs, the reduction of evaporation and spring discharge of schemes 3, 4 and 5 is suitable for the receding area of vegetation growth area and the location and depth of the maximum drop depth. The third recommended scheme is the best mining scheme. The maximum depth drop occurred in the water source of the third stage, which was about 16 m, and the ineffective evaporation and spring discharge accounted for 47.95% of the total exploitation, and the area of the suitable growth area of vegetation decreased by 13.30%. Therefore, the exploitable capacity of the study area is determined to be 2.92 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, which basically satisfies the sustainable development and ecological coordinated development of groundwater in arid area, which provides the basis and guarantee for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater and the protection of surface ecological environment in this area.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前10条
1 梁丽青;刘喜峰;常颖;;地下水资源评价发展及现状研究[J];江西建材;2016年20期
2 卢元静;;水资源评价与可持续利用研究[J];建材与装饰;2016年30期
3 李永国;贾小龙;郭生秀;郭宏业;郭守捚;吴艳军;;水源地扩大开采对格尔木河绿洲带的影响预测[J];南水北调与水利科技;2016年03期
4 汪生斌;肖勇;王万平;祁泽学;张婷婷;赵文强;;青海省格尔木山前平原区地下水动态特征分析[J];冰川冻土;2016年01期
5 李晓英;顾文钰;;水均衡法在区域地下水资源量评价中的应用研究[J];水资源与水工程学报;2014年01期
6 王宇航;王文科;段磊;汪生斌;;格尔木河流域山前冲洪积扇地下水动态研究[J];水资源与水工程学报;2014年01期
7 马玉蕾;王德;刘俊民;温小虎;高猛;;地下水与植被关系的研究进展[J];水资源与水工程学报;2013年05期
8 寇文杰;;格尔木河流域地下水数值模拟[J];水文地质工程地质;2013年01期
9 王U，
本文编号：2457245
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/diqiudizhi/2457245.html
