多源遥感信息在琼东北活动断裂研究中的应用
发布时间：2019-05-10 02:36
【摘要】：地震的发生与活动断裂的分布有着极其密切的关系,而遥感图像不仅从宏观上展示活动断裂及其它活动构造的影像全貌,还能直观地显示断裂活动的信息,为分析活动断裂与地震之间的关系提供重要的参考。而雷琼地区就是活动断裂发育地区,第四纪火山活动强烈,1605年发生在琼州的7.5级地震是华南地区为数不多的大地震之一,而该地震两条控震断裂就位于琼东北地区。可见,本文研究区具有发生强烈地震的地质构造背景,所以利用遥感数据来提取琼东北地区的活动断裂有着重要的意义。除了在琼北地区分布较广的几条大断裂外,琼东北其他小型断裂的展布情况及其活动性质有待进一步探明。研究区第四纪松散沉积物覆盖严重,整体海拔较低,植被茂盛,地表水系发达,活动断裂多隐伏发育,人眼无法从单纯的地物色彩中识别断裂踪迹。因此通过高空间分辨率的遥感影像来对研究区微地貌的识别也面临这阻碍,此时,高光谱分辨率的影像更能发挥作用,通过反复试验选取最有效的图像增强处理方法,扩大不同地层与地物之间的差别,提取隐伏弱异常信息,识别活动断裂的具体分布位置。本文以TM、ETM+、OLI、SPOT6和ASTER GDEM2等为主要数据源,在进行数据预处理基础上,通过对遥感数据进行彩色合成、主成分分析、缨帽变换、波段比值等多种图像增强处理,以获得最有效的断裂影像特征;其次在综合分析活动断裂在遥感影像上的地质地貌特征的基础上,结合已有的研究成果,建立活动断裂的解译标志,厘定活动断裂的空间分布,采用野外地质地貌调查、地球物理探测、钻孔联孔剖面等方法进行验证,以获取活动断裂的几何形态以及运动特征。研究区活动断裂主要通过色调、地形地貌、土壤植被以及水系展布等解译标志获得,经过遥感解译与野外验证,初步确定的琼东北地区主要活动断裂的空间展布与断裂的性质。北北西向与近东西向的断裂构成了琼东北的主要构造格局,且都为上盘下降,下盘上升的正断层。近东西向光村-铺前断裂与北北西向铺前-清澜断裂为研究区主要活动断裂,最新活动时代为全新世;其余断裂在第四纪期间均发生过断裂活动。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of earthquakes is closely related to the distribution of active faults, and remote sensing images can not only show the whole image of active faults and other active structures from a macro point of view, but also intuitively display the information of fault activity. It provides an important reference for the analysis of the relationship between active faults and earthquakes. The Leiqiong area is an active fault development area, and the Quaternary volcanic activity is strong. The magnitude 7.5 earthquake that occurred in Qiongzhou in 1605 is one of the few major earthquakes in South China, and the two earthquake-controlling faults are located in the northeast of Qiong. Therefore, using remote sensing data to extract active faults in the northeast of Qiong is of great significance. In addition to several large faults which are widely distributed in northern Qiongbei, the distribution and active properties of other small faults in the northeast of Qiong need to be further proved. In the study area, the Quaternary loose sediment cover is serious, the whole altitude is low, the vegetation is luxuriant, the surface water system is developed, the active faults are more hidden and developed, and the human eye can not recognize the fault trace from the simple ground object color. Therefore, the recognition of microgeomorphology in the study area is also hindered by remote sensing images with high spatial resolution. At this time, hyperspectral resolution images can play a better role, and the most effective image enhancement processing method is selected through repeated experiments. The difference between different strata and ground objects is expanded, the hidden weak anomaly information is extracted, and the specific distribution location of active faults is identified. In this paper, TM,ETM, OLI,SPOT6 and ASTER GDEM2 are used as the main data sources, and on the basis of data preprocessing, many kinds of image enhancement processing, such as color synthesis, principal component analysis, tassel cap transformation, band ratio and so on, are carried out. In order to obtain the most effective fracture image features; Secondly, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the geological and geomorphological characteristics of active faults on remote sensing images, combined with the existing research results, the interpretation marks of active faults are established, the spatial distribution of active faults is determined, and the field geological and geomorphological investigation is adopted. Geophysical exploration, drilling joint hole profile and other methods are verified in order to obtain the geometric shape and motion characteristics of active faults. The active faults in the study area are mainly obtained by interpretation marks such as hue, topography and geomorphology, soil vegetation and water system distribution. Through remote sensing interpretation and field verification, the spatial distribution and fault properties of the main active faults in Northeast Qiong are preliminarily determined. The north-northwest and near-east-west faults constitute the main tectonic framework of the northeast of Qiong, and they are normal faults which fall in the upper plate and rise in the lower one. The east-west Guangcun-Puqian fault and the northwest-westward Puqian-Qinglan fault are the main active faults in the study area, and the latest active age is Holocene, and the rest of the faults have occurred fault activity during the Quaternary period.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.2
[Abstract]:The occurrence of earthquakes is closely related to the distribution of active faults, and remote sensing images can not only show the whole image of active faults and other active structures from a macro point of view, but also intuitively display the information of fault activity. It provides an important reference for the analysis of the relationship between active faults and earthquakes. The Leiqiong area is an active fault development area, and the Quaternary volcanic activity is strong. The magnitude 7.5 earthquake that occurred in Qiongzhou in 1605 is one of the few major earthquakes in South China, and the two earthquake-controlling faults are located in the northeast of Qiong. Therefore, using remote sensing data to extract active faults in the northeast of Qiong is of great significance. In addition to several large faults which are widely distributed in northern Qiongbei, the distribution and active properties of other small faults in the northeast of Qiong need to be further proved. In the study area, the Quaternary loose sediment cover is serious, the whole altitude is low, the vegetation is luxuriant, the surface water system is developed, the active faults are more hidden and developed, and the human eye can not recognize the fault trace from the simple ground object color. Therefore, the recognition of microgeomorphology in the study area is also hindered by remote sensing images with high spatial resolution. At this time, hyperspectral resolution images can play a better role, and the most effective image enhancement processing method is selected through repeated experiments. The difference between different strata and ground objects is expanded, the hidden weak anomaly information is extracted, and the specific distribution location of active faults is identified. In this paper, TM,ETM, OLI,SPOT6 and ASTER GDEM2 are used as the main data sources, and on the basis of data preprocessing, many kinds of image enhancement processing, such as color synthesis, principal component analysis, tassel cap transformation, band ratio and so on, are carried out. In order to obtain the most effective fracture image features; Secondly, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the geological and geomorphological characteristics of active faults on remote sensing images, combined with the existing research results, the interpretation marks of active faults are established, the spatial distribution of active faults is determined, and the field geological and geomorphological investigation is adopted. Geophysical exploration, drilling joint hole profile and other methods are verified in order to obtain the geometric shape and motion characteristics of active faults. The active faults in the study area are mainly obtained by interpretation marks such as hue, topography and geomorphology, soil vegetation and water system distribution. Through remote sensing interpretation and field verification, the spatial distribution and fault properties of the main active faults in Northeast Qiong are preliminarily determined. The north-northwest and near-east-west faults constitute the main tectonic framework of the northeast of Qiong, and they are normal faults which fall in the upper plate and rise in the lower one. The east-west Guangcun-Puqian fault and the northwest-westward Puqian-Qinglan fault are the main active faults in the study area, and the latest active age is Holocene, and the rest of the faults have occurred fault activity during the Quaternary period.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 孙鑫U，
本文编号：2473280
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/diqiudizhi/2473280.html
