西南三江成矿带中南段斑岩型铜矿多尺度遥感找矿模型研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 15:30

【摘要】：西南“三江”,因怒江、澜沧江、金沙江三江并流而得名,西南三江地区位于特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿域,欧亚版块与印度板块交接部位,是东特提斯的主要组成部分,因其复合造山作用突出,该地区成矿复杂、多样。区内具有运动强烈的多期次构造活动,岩浆岩活动及变质作用,成矿作用显著,具有非常优越的成矿环境,是我国极其重要的铜、铅锌、金、银等多金属富集区,全球较为罕见的多金属成矿域,一直是我国进行找矿工作的热门地区之一。本文在收集研究区已有资料的基础上,对资料进行总结与分析。由于研究区范围较大,为了更好的利用遥感技术认识研究区成矿规律与能够更准确的进行研究区成矿预测工作,本文将研究区分为三个尺度进行研究(典型矿床尺度、矿集区尺度、成矿带尺度)。选取区内中部香格里拉矿集区,作为矿集区代表,选取香格里拉矿集区内规模最大的普朗斑岩型铜矿典型矿床,作为典型矿床代表。按照普朗典型矿床、香格里拉矿集区、西南三江成矿带中南段的顺序,首先对矿集区内典型矿床地质特征进行充分的认识,并进行分析,建立典型矿床遥感找矿模型,进而总结矿集区的成矿特征与成矿规律,建立矿集区遥感找矿模型,最后在此基础上,将矿集区的成矿特征与成矿规律放大到成矿带宏观背景上,直接确定成矿带找矿标志,建立成矿带遥感找矿模型,并圈定找矿远景区。对此,本文主要进行了以下研究:(1)对研究区内各尺度对应区域进行多源数据资料(地质资料与遥感数据)的收集与整理,在普朗典型矿床开展野外地质调查工作,对对区内围岩地层、构造、蚀变分带及遥感异常情况验证开展了详细的研究工作。充分了解了其地质背景和成矿模式后,总结并利用ASTER结合World view遥感影像提取普朗典型斑岩型铜矿床的找矿标志,随后在ArcGIS平台建立的300m×300m标准网格地质统计单元中,进行定量化分析,得到了普朗典型矿床6个有利控矿变量:线性构造异常,线环交点异常,地质复杂度异常,有利成矿岩体复杂度,有利成矿隐伏岩体复杂度,遥感蚀变异常,其中岩体复杂度与矿体的相关性最大,其次为遥感蚀变异常、线性构造异常,地质复杂度、线环交点密度,和隐伏岩体复杂度,说明该区岩体与线性构造对该区矿体具有很好的指示性作用,据此建立了普朗典型矿床遥感找矿模型。(2)在对普朗典型矿床成矿规律研究的基础上,分析、总结并镶嵌多景Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像所提取找矿标志,随后在ArcGIS平台建立的2km×2km标准网格地质统计单元中,进行定量化分析,得到香格里拉矿集区5个有利控矿变量:遥感构造异常、线环交点异常、有利成矿地层、有利成矿岩体和遥感蚀变异常。将区内已知铜矿点根据其规模大小,做相应缓冲区后分析其与控矿变量的相关性:线环交点密度中高值区,线性构造异常中高值区,有利成矿岩体,有利成矿地层和遥感蚀变异常高值区的相关系数依次减小,据此建立矿集区遥感找矿模型,为西南三江成矿带中南段斑岩型铜矿的成矿规律做好基础准备工作。(3)在总结矿集区成矿规律的基础上,将矿集区的成矿特征与成矿规律放大到成矿带宏观背景上,直接确定成矿带找矿标志。镶嵌多景Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像所提取找矿标志,并在ArcGIS平台建立的10km×10km标准网格地质统计单元中进行量化,得到成矿带4个有利控矿变量:线性构造异常、有利成矿地层、有利成矿岩体和遥感蚀变异常。将区内已知铜矿床根据其规模大小,做相应缓冲区后分析与控矿变量的相关性:有利成矿地层变量相关性系数最大,其次为线性构造异常变量,岩体有利度变量、遥感蚀变异常变量,据此建立西南三江成矿带中南段遥感找矿模型,综合叠加分析后圈定成矿带找矿远景区。
[Abstract]:The south-west "Sanjiang" is named after the three rivers of the Nujiang, Lancang and Jinsha River. The three-river region of the southwest is located in the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming region, and the Eurasia plate and the Indian plate transfer site are the main parts of the East Tethys, which are prominent because of the composite orogeny. The regional mineralization is complex and diverse. It is a very important copper, lead-zinc, gold, silver and other multi-metal enrichment area, and is a rare multi-metal ore-forming field in the world. It has been one of the most popular areas in China for prospecting. On the basis of collecting the existing data in the research area, this paper makes a summary and analysis of the data. Because of the large scope of the research area, in order to better utilize the remote sensing technology to realize the ore-forming rule of the research area and the ore-forming prediction of the research area, this paper divides the research into three dimensions: the typical ore deposit scale, the scale of the ore area and the scale of the ore-forming belt. The area of Shangri-La in the central part of the selected area is selected as the representative of the ore area, and the typical deposit of the largest in the Shangri-La Mine is selected as the representative of the typical ore deposit. According to the sequence of the south section of the typical ore deposit, the Shangri-La ore area and the south-west Sanjiang metallogenic belt, the geological characteristics of the typical ore deposits in the ore-collecting area are fully recognized and analyzed, and the remote sensing ore-finding model of the typical ore deposit is established. Furthermore, the ore-forming characteristics and the ore-forming law of the ore pool are summarized, the remote sensing and prospecting model of the ore-zone is established, and on the basis of the above, the ore-forming characteristics and the ore-forming rule of the ore-area are enlarged to the macro-background of the metallogenic belt, and the ore-forming belt prospecting marks are directly determined, and the ore-forming belt remote-sensing ore-finding model is established. And delineate the ore-prospecting far-distance scenic area. In this paper, the following research is carried out in this paper: (1) The collection and arrangement of multi-source data (geological data and remote sensing data) of the corresponding areas in the study area are carried out, and the field geological survey is carried out in the Prane typical deposit, and the formation and structure of the surrounding rock in the area are constructed. The detailed research work is carried out on the verification of the alteration zone and the remote sensing anomaly. After a thorough understanding of its geological background and ore-forming pattern, the author sums up and uses the ASTER in combination with the World view remote sensing image to extract the prospecting mark of the typical porphyry-type copper deposit, and then carries out quantitative analysis in the 300-m-300m standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform, 6 favorable ore-controlling variables of the Prane typical deposit are obtained: the linear structure is abnormal, the intersection of the line rings is abnormal, the geological complexity is abnormal, the complexity of the ore-forming rock mass is favorable, the complexity of the ore-forming hidden rock mass is favorable, the remote sensing alteration is abnormal, and the complexity of the rock mass and the ore body are the largest, The second is the remote sensing alteration, the anomaly of the linear structure, the geological complexity, the density of the intersection of the line and the complexity of the hidden rock mass. (2) On the basis of the study of the ore-forming rule of the typical ore deposit of the Pulang, the ore-prospecting marks of the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image are summarized and embedded, and then the quantitative analysis is carried out in the 2 km/2 km standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform. There are 5 favorable ore-controlling variables in the Shangri-La mining area: the remote sensing structure is abnormal, the crossing point of the line ring is abnormal, the ore-forming formation is favorable, and the ore-forming rock mass and the remote sensing alteration anomaly are favorable. according to the scale and the size of the known copper mine in the region, the correlation between the ore-controlling variable and the ore-controlling variable is analyzed after the corresponding buffer zone, The correlation coefficient of the favorable ore-forming formation and the high-value region of the remote sensing alteration anomaly is reduced in turn, and the remote sensing ore-finding model of the ore area is established, and the basic preparation work is carried out for the ore-forming rule of the porphyry type copper deposit in the south-west three-river metallogenic belt. (3) Based on the summary of the ore-forming rule of the ore-forming zone, the ore-forming characteristic and the ore-forming rule of the ore-deposit area are enlarged to the macro-background of the ore-forming belt, and the ore-forming belt prospecting mark is directly determined. The ore-prospecting mark is extracted by the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image, and is quantified in the 10 km/10 km standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform to obtain the 4 favorable ore-controlling variables of the ore-forming zone: the linear structural anomaly, the favorable ore-forming formation, the favorable ore-forming rock mass and the remote-sensing alteration anomaly. according to the scale and the size of the known copper deposit in the region, the correlation between the corresponding buffer area and the ore-controlling variable is analyzed, the correlation coefficient of the favorable ore-forming formation variable is the largest, and the second is the linear structural anomaly variable, the rock mass advantage variable, the remote sensing alteration abnormal variable, Based on this, the remote sensing ore-finding model of the southern section of the three-river metallogenic belt of the southwest is established.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P627

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