各向异性介质相位相关速度分析及应用

发布时间：2019-06-05 14:29

【摘要】：速度分析在地震勘探资料处理中扮演着非常重要的作用。随着地震勘探目标体深度的加深,人们对地震勘探的精度的要求已越来越高。又由于地下介质常表现为各向异性,因此,建立在各向同性介质前提下的速度分析已经不能满足人们对高精度地震勘探的要求。深入研究各向异性介质有助于解决中长排列动校正问题,它对油气勘探开发中的深层目的层勘探、精确速度分析以及时深转换的精确度等意义重大。所以当进行多波地震勘探时,我们需要求得各向异性介质的时距曲线拟合公式,同时要分析地层参数与速度的关系,充分利用多种信息进行处理。本文在深入学习和了解各向异性理论以及其中的各向异性速度分析理论后,总结前人的研究成果对各向异性理论进行简要阐述,介绍在各向异性介质中地震波正常时差计算公式。并在前人相关文献的基础上针对VTI介质,得出在VTI介质下的纵波及转换波时距曲线推导公式,并分析其中各向异性参数与速度在时距方程中的关系。同时对各向同性情况下的时距曲线和速度谱作对比。此外,本文在国内外速度分析研究进展的基础上,参考国内外学者在速度分析方法中的研究成果,针对前人方法的所存在的问题提出了改进的相位相关速度分析方法,并比较改进后和改进前方法的实际效果。随着在生产中对地震数据精度的要求变高,使用分辨率更高的速度分析尤为重要,但是常规速度分析方法由于受到时窗长度的影响,以及算法本身存在的缺点,导致处理得到的资料精度不够,因此对新的速度分析方法的需求逐渐增加。而基于相位相关统计的速度分析方法则避免了这个影响,它分析的速度更加收敛。本文通过程序算法实现该方法的应用效果,总结并验证前人在该方法上分析与应用,证明该方法的可行性。同时,分别在各向同性介质和各向异性介质情况下,将相位相关统计速度分析方法与常规方法进行对比,得出该方法的优缺点。本文立足多波各向异性,结合生产实习时学到的理论与技术,通过实际地震资料处理来展示多波速度建模软件在实际中的应用。
[Abstract]:Velocity analysis plays a very important role in seismic exploration data processing. With the deepening of the depth of seismic exploration targets, the requirements for the accuracy of seismic exploration have become higher and higher. Because the underground medium is often anisotropy, the velocity analysis based on isotropic medium can no longer meet the requirements of high precision seismic exploration. The deep study of anisotropy medium is helpful to solve the problem of medium and long arrangement dynamic correction, which is of great significance to the exploration of deep target layer in oil and gas exploration and development, the accuracy of accurate velocity analysis in time and deep conversion, and so on. Therefore, when carrying out multi-wave seismic exploration, we need to obtain the fitting formula of time-distance curve of anisotropy medium, and analyze the relationship between formation parameters and velocity, and make full use of a variety of information to deal with it. In this paper, after deeply studying and understanding the theory of anisotropy and the theory of anisotropy velocity analysis, this paper summarizes the previous research results and briefly expounds the theory of anisotropy. The formula for calculating the normal time difference of seismic waves in anisotropic media is introduced. On the basis of previous literature, the formulas of P-wave and converted wave time-distance curve in VTI medium are obtained, and the relationship between anisotropy parameters and velocity in time-distance equation is analyzed. At the same time, the time distance curve and velocity spectrum in the case of isotropism are compared. In addition, on the basis of the research progress of velocity analysis at home and abroad, referring to the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in velocity analysis methods, an improved phase correlation velocity analysis method is proposed to solve the problems existing in the previous methods. The practical effects of the improved method and the improved method are compared. As the accuracy of seismic data becomes higher in production, it is particularly important to use speed analysis with higher resolution, but the conventional speed analysis method is affected by the length of time window and the shortcomings of the algorithm itself. As a result, the accuracy of the processed data is not enough, so the demand for new speed analysis methods is gradually increasing. The velocity analysis method based on phase correlation statistics avoids this influence, and the speed of its analysis is more convergent. In this paper, the application effect of the method is realized by the program algorithm, and the previous analysis and application of the method are summarized and verified, and the feasibility of the method is proved. At the same time, the statistical velocity analysis method of phase correlation is compared with the conventional method in the case of isotropic medium and anisotropic medium, and the advantages and disadvantages of this method are obtained. Based on the multi-wave anisotropy and the theory and technology learned in production practice, this paper shows the application of multi-wave velocity modeling software in practice through practical seismic data processing.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4

【参考文献】