基于特征融合的三维异常体表面重构方法研究
发布时间：2019-06-07 07:53
【摘要】：近乎所有的基础地质研究以及石油地质研究都会涉及到地震资料解释,包括构造地质学、地震地层学等学科。地震资料解释涵盖了油气勘探的全部环节,比如油气盆地的区域评价及油气储量的评估、含油气的系统评估、早期确定开发方案的评价以及后期的监测调整开发方案评价。而三维地质异常体表面重建以及可视化是地震资料解释过程中极其重要的一部分,它能够将地震采集数据直观反映给地质地震研究人员,从而帮助从业人员更好地了解地表以下的情况以便做出科学的判断。三维目标物体的表面重建以及可视化技术被广泛地应用于包括航空、医疗卫生、环境科学、地震地质勘探等在内的多个领域。目前,对于此类研究的解决方案有两种思路:第一种思路是如商用三维可视化建模软件Petrel一样利用标量的形式(体透视)直接表达三维地质体;第二种思路则是利用矢量的形式可视化三维地质体,例如通过使用三角面片来近似三维地质体的表面。在实际地震的地震资料解释当中,不同的地震属性常常从不同的方面刻画出需要研究的地下情况。然而现有的解决方案往往都是利用单一的地震数据进行处理,没有结合数据的不同地震属性,因此得到的可视化结果往往是不尽如人意的。根据地震的具体情况,本文提出了一种新的基于多个不同地震属性的三维地质异常体特征级融合提取的方法,并对结果进行数据填补及表面平滑处理以期达到更好地表达三维地质异常体的目的。本文完成的主要工作如下:1、针对不同的地震数据属性,本文提出了一种结合客观地震数据特点和研究人员的专业解释经验的特征级三维图像融合方法。首先对待处理的多个包含不同地震属性的工区数据进行预处理,提取出用户感兴趣的地质数据的特征散点;然后结合研究人员的专业解释知识应用模糊逻辑理论将不同的地震属性散点数据进行特征级的融合从而建立起融合后的地质异常体场数据;最后通过等值面追踪方法将所需要的三维地质异常体表达出来。2、融合后还未经过平滑处理的地质异常体往往还存在着一些毛刺或者噪声干扰因此不够美观而且不利于观察研究,所以需要对其进行后期的整形及平滑处理,在对三维地质异常体数据进行数据填补的基础上再进行表面光滑操作。为了使得到的三维地质异常体更加完整、更加光滑,更加便于地质研究人员分析与可视化,本文在得到的融合地质异常体散点数据的基础上提出了一种新的三维地质异常体数据填补及表面平滑方法流程,并利用实际的四川西部某个地震数据工区做了仿真实验,取得了较好的效果。3、在上述研究的基础上,本文实现了一个结合专业解释经验和实际客观数据的基于特征级融合的三维地质异常体表面重建以及可视化的系统。该系统已经被应用于实际的地质解释项目中,取得了较好的实际工区的三维地质异常体可视化效果,得到了用户的一致好评。
[Abstract]:Almost all of the underlying geological studies and the petroleum geology study involved seismic data interpretation, including structural geology, seismic stratigraphy, and so on. The interpretation of seismic data covers all aspects of oil and gas exploration, such as the regional assessment of the oil and gas basin, the assessment of the oil and gas reserves, the system assessment of oil and gas, the evaluation of the early development plan and the evaluation of the later monitoring and adjustment development plan. The surface reconstruction and visualization of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body is a very important part of the seismic data interpretation process, which can directly reflect the seismic acquisition data to the geological seismic researchers, thus helping the practitioners to better understand the situation below the surface in order to make scientific judgment. The surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional target objects are widely used in many fields, including aviation, medical and health, environmental science, and seismic exploration. At present, there are two ideas for the solution of this kind of research: the first idea is that the three-dimensional geological body is directly expressed in the form of a scalar (body perspective) like the commercial three-dimensional visual modeling software Petrel; the second thought is to visualize the three-dimensional geological body in the form of a vector, For example by using a triangular patch to approximate the surface of the three-dimensional geological body. In the interpretation of the seismic data of the actual earthquake, different seismic attributes often depict the underground conditions that need to be studied from different aspects. However, the existing solutions are often treated with a single seismic data without the different seismic attributes of the data, and the resulting visual results are often not satisfactory. Based on the specific situation of the earthquake, a new method for extracting three-dimensional geological anomalies based on several different seismic attributes is presented, and the results are filled with data and the surface smoothing is performed with a view to achieving the purpose of better expression of the three-dimensional geological anomaly. The main work accomplished in this paper is as follows:1. For different seismic data attributes, this paper presents a feature-level three-dimensional image fusion method combining the characteristics of objective seismic data and the professional interpretation experience of the researchers. the method comprises the following steps of: preprocessing a plurality of work area data containing different seismic attributes to be processed, and extracting a characteristic divergence point of the geological data of which the user is interested; Then according to the professional interpretation knowledge of the researchers, the fuzzy logic theory is applied to carry out the fusion of the characteristic level of the different seismic attribute scattered point data so as to establish the fused geological anomalous body field data; and finally, the required three-dimensional geological anomalous body is expressed by the equivalent surface tracking method. after the fusion, there are still some burr or noise interference in the geological abnormal body which has not undergone the smoothing treatment, so that it is not beautiful and is not favorable for observation and research, so it is necessary to carry out the later shaping and smoothing treatment, And the surface smoothing operation is carried out on the basis of data filling of the data of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body. In order to make the obtained three-dimensional geological anomalous body more complete, smoother and more convenient for the analysis and visualization of the geological research personnel, a new three-dimensional geological anomalous body data filling and surface smoothing method flow is provided on the basis of the obtained fused geological anomalous bulk point data, And the simulation experiment is carried out by using the actual earthquake data work area of the west of Sichuan, and the better effect is obtained. In this paper, a system of surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional geological anomalies based on feature-level fusion, which combines professional interpretation experience and actual objective data, is realized. The system has been applied to the practical geological interpretation project, and has obtained the visual effect of the three-dimensional geological anomalies in the real work area, and obtained the consistent high praise from the user.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4;TP391.41
本文编号：2494634
[Abstract]:Almost all of the underlying geological studies and the petroleum geology study involved seismic data interpretation, including structural geology, seismic stratigraphy, and so on. The interpretation of seismic data covers all aspects of oil and gas exploration, such as the regional assessment of the oil and gas basin, the assessment of the oil and gas reserves, the system assessment of oil and gas, the evaluation of the early development plan and the evaluation of the later monitoring and adjustment development plan. The surface reconstruction and visualization of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body is a very important part of the seismic data interpretation process, which can directly reflect the seismic acquisition data to the geological seismic researchers, thus helping the practitioners to better understand the situation below the surface in order to make scientific judgment. The surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional target objects are widely used in many fields, including aviation, medical and health, environmental science, and seismic exploration. At present, there are two ideas for the solution of this kind of research: the first idea is that the three-dimensional geological body is directly expressed in the form of a scalar (body perspective) like the commercial three-dimensional visual modeling software Petrel; the second thought is to visualize the three-dimensional geological body in the form of a vector, For example by using a triangular patch to approximate the surface of the three-dimensional geological body. In the interpretation of the seismic data of the actual earthquake, different seismic attributes often depict the underground conditions that need to be studied from different aspects. However, the existing solutions are often treated with a single seismic data without the different seismic attributes of the data, and the resulting visual results are often not satisfactory. Based on the specific situation of the earthquake, a new method for extracting three-dimensional geological anomalies based on several different seismic attributes is presented, and the results are filled with data and the surface smoothing is performed with a view to achieving the purpose of better expression of the three-dimensional geological anomaly. The main work accomplished in this paper is as follows:1. For different seismic data attributes, this paper presents a feature-level three-dimensional image fusion method combining the characteristics of objective seismic data and the professional interpretation experience of the researchers. the method comprises the following steps of: preprocessing a plurality of work area data containing different seismic attributes to be processed, and extracting a characteristic divergence point of the geological data of which the user is interested; Then according to the professional interpretation knowledge of the researchers, the fuzzy logic theory is applied to carry out the fusion of the characteristic level of the different seismic attribute scattered point data so as to establish the fused geological anomalous body field data; and finally, the required three-dimensional geological anomalous body is expressed by the equivalent surface tracking method. after the fusion, there are still some burr or noise interference in the geological abnormal body which has not undergone the smoothing treatment, so that it is not beautiful and is not favorable for observation and research, so it is necessary to carry out the later shaping and smoothing treatment, And the surface smoothing operation is carried out on the basis of data filling of the data of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body. In order to make the obtained three-dimensional geological anomalous body more complete, smoother and more convenient for the analysis and visualization of the geological research personnel, a new three-dimensional geological anomalous body data filling and surface smoothing method flow is provided on the basis of the obtained fused geological anomalous bulk point data, And the simulation experiment is carried out by using the actual earthquake data work area of the west of Sichuan, and the better effect is obtained. In this paper, a system of surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional geological anomalies based on feature-level fusion, which combines professional interpretation experience and actual objective data, is realized. The system has been applied to the practical geological interpretation project, and has obtained the visual effect of the three-dimensional geological anomalies in the real work area, and obtained the consistent high praise from the user.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4;TP391.41
【共引文献】
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