基于FPGA的多路地震数据采集节点研究与设计
发布时间：2019-06-13 17:56
【摘要】：油气资源是国民经济发展的重要能源,更是我国经济快速发展的动力及重要的战略资源。地震勘探作为油气资源勘探中最有效的方法,以被广泛的应用于复杂山地震勘探之中,而地震数据采集节点的性能直接决定着地震勘探仪器的好坏。地震数据采集对地震数据的拾取至关重要,是地震勘探准确性和精确性的重要指标,地震数据的暂存技术的发展对地震数据可靠性和安全性具有巨大贡献。针对复杂山地地震勘探仪器对采集节点的需求,本论文依托于国家自然科学基金重大科研仪器设备研制专项“复杂山地多波宽频带地震数据采集系统研制”以地震数据采集的智能化为设计目标。由FPGA作为主导器件在Quartus II开发平台下利用Verilog硬件描述语言,并采用自顶向下的设计方法,构建了多路地震数据采集节点设计方案。通过开展多路地震信号并行采集、异步FIFO和SDRAM相结合的大容量数据暂存和RS485数据传输的研究,论文取得的主要成果如下：(1)采集节点关键电路的研究与设计。选取拥有高集成度、时序精准和极强并行处理能力的FPGA作为系统的核心处理器,采用24位高分辨率模数转换器ADS1252对地震信号进行模拟到数字信号转换,并设计相应的电路。利用异步FIFO和大容量SDRAM相结合的暂存方案对多路地震数据进行缓存,并详细设计了SDRAM接口电路和RS485的接口电路。(2)ADC控制器的研究与设计。以FPGA作为核心控制器,实现对ADC的逻辑控制,并采样获取高精度、宽动态范围的采样数据。利用有限状态机实现FPGA控制多路ADC并行采集操作,使系统具有实时性强、分辨率高、干扰噪声低等优点。对ADC采样进行仿真和在线测试,并结合natlab仿真对比分析,验证了多路地震数据采集节点的稳定性和可靠性。(3)异步FIFO存储器的研究与设计。以FPGA作为核心控制器,对异步FIFO存储器结构进行了详细分析,并对各个模块进行详细的讨论,从而挖掘出设计中存在的关键问题。利用电平同步器大大降低了亚稳态出现的概率,同时采用格雷码转换技术保证数据的可靠传输,提高了设计效率。通过对异步FIFO读／写操作的仿真与对比实验,验证了异步FIFO的实用性与高效性。(4) SDRAM控制器的研究与设计。以FPGA作为核心控制器,通过有限状态机对SDRAM核心控制逻辑进行了描述,提高了设计效率,简化了控制逻辑。采用大容量SDRAM结合具有高速处理优势的FPGA,提高了系统速度并节省了系统资源。通过对SDRAM存储器的时序仿真和在线测试分析,充分证明了SDRAM读／写操作的正确性和实用性。(5)RS485控制器研究与设计。以FPGA作为核心控制器,对RS485发送模块和RS485接收模块进行相应的逻辑设计,保证了数据的可靠传输。总体来说,本文研究与设计的多路地震数据采集节点可以很好的应用于地震勘探仪器中,实践证明了该系统在性能和灵活性上拥有极大的优势,并具有一定的实用性和推广价值。
[Abstract]:The oil and gas resource is an important energy for the development of the national economy, and is the dynamic and important strategic resource of the rapid economic development of our country. Seismic exploration is the most effective method in the exploration of oil and gas resources, which is widely used in complex mountain seismic exploration, and the performance of the seismic data acquisition node directly determines the quality of the seismic exploration instrument. Seismic data acquisition is of great importance to the pickup of seismic data, which is an important index of the accuracy and accuracy of the seismic data. The development of the temporary storage technology of the seismic data has a great contribution to the reliability and safety of the seismic data. In view of the demand of the complex mountain seismic exploration instrument to the acquisition node, this paper is based on the development of the special "The development of multi-wave wide-band seismic data acquisition system in complex mountainous area" of the major scientific research instruments and equipment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the intelligence of the seismic data acquisition is the design goal. The design of multi-path seismic data acquisition node is constructed by using Verilog hardware description language as the master device under the Quartus II development platform, and using the top-down design method. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) The research and design of the key circuit of the acquisition node are as follows: (1) The research and design of the key circuit of the acquisition node. As the core processor of the system, a 24-bit high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADS1252) is used as the core processor of the system, and the corresponding circuit is designed. The multi-path seismic data is cached by the combination of asynchronous FIFO and high-capacity SDRAM, and the interface circuit of SDRAM interface circuit and RS485 is designed in detail. (2) The research and design of the ADC controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the logic control of the ADC is realized, and the sampling data with high precision and wide dynamic range can be obtained. The system has the advantages of high real-time performance, high resolution, low interference noise and the like by using a finite state machine to realize the parallel acquisition operation of the FPGA control multi-channel ADC. The stability and reliability of the multi-path seismic data acquisition node are verified by simulation and on-line testing of the ADC samples, and by combining with the natlab simulation. (3) Research and design of asynchronous FIFO memory. With the FPGA as the core controller, the structure of the asynchronous FIFO memory is analyzed in detail, and the modules are discussed in detail, and the key problems in the design are excavated. By using the level synchronizer, the probability of the occurrence of the metastable state is greatly reduced, the reliable transmission of the data is ensured by adopting the Gray code conversion technology, and the design efficiency is improved. The practicability and efficiency of the asynchronous FIFO are verified by the simulation and contrast experiments of the asynchronous FIFO read/ write operation. (4) Research and design of SDRAM controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the SDRAM core control logic is described by the finite state machine, the design efficiency is improved, and the control logic is simplified. And the high-capacity SDRAM is used for combining the FPGA with the high-speed processing advantage, so that the system speed is improved and the system resources are saved. The correctness and practicability of the SDRAM read/ write operation are proved by the time sequence simulation and on-line test analysis of the SDRAM memory. (5) Research and design of RS485 controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the RS485 transmission module and the RS485 receiving module are designed to ensure the reliable transmission of the data. In general, the research and design of the multi-way seismic data acquisition node can be well applied to the seismic exploration instrument, which has proved that the system has great advantages in performance and flexibility, and has certain practicability and popularization value.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
本文编号：2498705
[Abstract]:The oil and gas resource is an important energy for the development of the national economy, and is the dynamic and important strategic resource of the rapid economic development of our country. Seismic exploration is the most effective method in the exploration of oil and gas resources, which is widely used in complex mountain seismic exploration, and the performance of the seismic data acquisition node directly determines the quality of the seismic exploration instrument. Seismic data acquisition is of great importance to the pickup of seismic data, which is an important index of the accuracy and accuracy of the seismic data. The development of the temporary storage technology of the seismic data has a great contribution to the reliability and safety of the seismic data. In view of the demand of the complex mountain seismic exploration instrument to the acquisition node, this paper is based on the development of the special "The development of multi-wave wide-band seismic data acquisition system in complex mountainous area" of the major scientific research instruments and equipment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the intelligence of the seismic data acquisition is the design goal. The design of multi-path seismic data acquisition node is constructed by using Verilog hardware description language as the master device under the Quartus II development platform, and using the top-down design method. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) The research and design of the key circuit of the acquisition node are as follows: (1) The research and design of the key circuit of the acquisition node. As the core processor of the system, a 24-bit high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADS1252) is used as the core processor of the system, and the corresponding circuit is designed. The multi-path seismic data is cached by the combination of asynchronous FIFO and high-capacity SDRAM, and the interface circuit of SDRAM interface circuit and RS485 is designed in detail. (2) The research and design of the ADC controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the logic control of the ADC is realized, and the sampling data with high precision and wide dynamic range can be obtained. The system has the advantages of high real-time performance, high resolution, low interference noise and the like by using a finite state machine to realize the parallel acquisition operation of the FPGA control multi-channel ADC. The stability and reliability of the multi-path seismic data acquisition node are verified by simulation and on-line testing of the ADC samples, and by combining with the natlab simulation. (3) Research and design of asynchronous FIFO memory. With the FPGA as the core controller, the structure of the asynchronous FIFO memory is analyzed in detail, and the modules are discussed in detail, and the key problems in the design are excavated. By using the level synchronizer, the probability of the occurrence of the metastable state is greatly reduced, the reliable transmission of the data is ensured by adopting the Gray code conversion technology, and the design efficiency is improved. The practicability and efficiency of the asynchronous FIFO are verified by the simulation and contrast experiments of the asynchronous FIFO read/ write operation. (4) Research and design of SDRAM controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the SDRAM core control logic is described by the finite state machine, the design efficiency is improved, and the control logic is simplified. And the high-capacity SDRAM is used for combining the FPGA with the high-speed processing advantage, so that the system speed is improved and the system resources are saved. The correctness and practicability of the SDRAM read/ write operation are proved by the time sequence simulation and on-line test analysis of the SDRAM memory. (5) Research and design of RS485 controller. With the FPGA as the core controller, the RS485 transmission module and the RS485 receiving module are designed to ensure the reliable transmission of the data. In general, the research and design of the multi-way seismic data acquisition node can be well applied to the seismic exploration instrument, which has proved that the system has great advantages in performance and flexibility, and has certain practicability and popularization value.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张亚琼;一种基于低能X射线的快速探测采集系统研制[D];重庆大学;2011年
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