塔里木油田哈的区块碎屑岩储层保护技术研究
发布时间：2019-06-20 03:22
【摘要】：储层保护工作是一门多领域、多学科,贯穿油田开发到生产整个过程的工程。从准备开发到油藏枯竭全过程都需要主意加强储层保护,任何微小的不当措施都有可能导致油田的开发全面不利。因此,在开发开采过程中落实储层保护措施,实施边开发边保护,才能有效地开采油气资源。哈德区块是塔里木黑油稳产的最重要区块,该油田自1999年投入开发以来,峰值产量达到200万吨。近年来,塔里木油田哈的区块在钻井、完井、注水、增产等作业过程中损害了油气储层,导致产量急剧下降。因此,有必要分析该区块目前储层损害的原因,提出有效的储层保护技术,并对该区块目前使用的钻井液进行优化。钻井过程中油气层损害原因主要包括五个方面：(1)钻井液中分散相颗粒堵塞油气层(2)钻井液滤液与油气层岩石不配伍引起的损害(3)钻井液滤液与油气层流体不配伍引起的损害(4)相渗透率变化引起的损害(5)负压差急剧变小造成的油气层损害本文主要从入井液与油气层岩石不配伍引起的损害这一角度进行研究,通过选取塔里木油田哈德区块的岩样进行岩性分析并按照《储层敏感性流动评价实验方法(SY/T5358-2002)》进行岩性流动敏感性评价实验的出以下结论：通过岩性分析,得出的结论为：1、从扫描电镜图中可以看到岩石碎屑颗粒分选较好,粒间孔隙较发育,薄砂层连通性中等,东河砂岩连通性好,因此它们受到固相入侵的可能损害的可能性较大。2、从扫描电镜图中可以看出岩样中位于孔喉边缘的岩石粒径较大(大于37um),因此不容易出现微粒运移堵塞孔道,岩心可能无速敏。3、从放大3000倍的图片可以刻看出粘土矿物是弯片状与碎片装相混合,可能存在伊利石、蒙脱石、伊／蒙间层,因此储层可能存在水敏和盐敏。4、粘土X射线衍射全岩心分析含量2%-10%,平均含量7%。可以得知伊／蒙间层矿物含量相对较高,相对约占40%,伊利石的含量相对较高,约35%,说明储层可能存在水敏与盐敏。5、由于粘土中还有一定的绿泥石,因此储层可能存在酸敏。6、东河砂岩组储层地层水pH值为7.0-8.0左右,与一般的钻完井液pH值相比较低(钻完井液pH值一般为8-11),同时储层内含有一定的长石(主要是含有硅酸盐),因此,储层可能发生碱敏。通过目前已进行岩心流动敏感性实验可以得出：1、塔里木哈德区块岩心无速敏,流速变化对渗透率无太大影响。2、塔里木油田哈德区块水敏和盐敏表现为中等偏弱到中等偏强水敏,及中等偏强盐敏到强盐敏,临界矿化度为110000ppm。通过目前已经进行了的实验给钻井液优化的建议：1、减少固相含量,减少膨润土用量,选择匹配的固相颗粒尺寸大小,级配和数量,以控制固相侵入的数量与深度根据油层特性选用暂堵剂,防止固相入侵,在油井投产时再进行解堵。2、配置钻井液时需要控制矿化度,保证矿化度在临界矿化度以下,避免引起钻井液与储层岩石的不配伍造成的储层损害。3、采用能抑制粘土膨胀的钻井液,如氯化钾钻井液、油基泥浆钻井液、油包水钻井液等。
[Abstract]:Reservoir protection is a multi-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary and through-oilfield development to the whole process of production. It is necessary to strengthen the reservoir protection from the process of preparation and development to the whole process of reservoir depletion, and any minor improper measures may lead to the overall disadvantage of the development of the oil field. Therefore, the reservoir protection measures shall be implemented in the course of exploitation and exploitation, and the protection of the development edge shall be implemented to effectively exploit the oil and gas resources. The hard block is the most important block of the stable and stable production of the Tarim oil field, which has reached a peak output of 2 million tons since it was put into development in 1999. In recent years, the block of the Tarim oil field has damaged the oil and gas reservoir in the process of drilling, completion, water injection and stimulation, resulting in a sharp drop in production. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the current reservoir damage in the block, and put forward the effective reservoir protection technology, and optimize the drilling fluid currently used in the block. The cause of the damage of the oil and gas layer in the drilling process mainly includes five aspects: (1) The dispersed phase particles in the drilling fluid block the oil and gas layer (2) the damage (3) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the oil and gas layer rocks (3) the damage (4) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the fluid of the oil and gas layer (4) The damage (5) caused by the change of the permeability of the phase and the oil and gas caused by the sudden decrease of the negative pressure difference The layer damage is mainly studied from the angle of damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the oil and gas layer. The rock samples of the hard block of the Tarim Oilfield are selected for lithology analysis and the following conclusions are drawn according to the test method of the reservoir sensitivity flow evaluation (SY/ T5358-2002)> for the evaluation of the lithology flow sensitivity: by the lithology analysis, the conclusion is as follows:1, In that scanning electron microscope, the separation of the rock debris particle is good, the inter-grain pore is relatively developed, the connectivity of the thin sand layer is moderate, and the connectivity of the Donghe sandstone is good, so that the possibility of the possibility of damage to the solid-phase intrusion is large. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope that the size of the rock located at the edge of the hole in the rock sample is larger (more than 37um), so that the particle migration and blocking pore canal is not easy to occur, the core may not be fast-sensitive. There may be illite, smectite, i/ montmorillonite, so the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.4. The total core analysis content of the clay X-ray diffraction is 2-10% and the average content is 7%. it can be known that the mineral content of the i/ mongolian layer is relatively high, relative to about 40%, the content of illite is relatively high, about 35%, indicating that the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.5, since there is a certain amount of chlorite in the clay, the reservoir may be acid-sensitive.6, The reservoir formation water pH value of the Donghe sandstone reservoir is about 7.0-8.0, and the pH value of the general drilling and completion fluid is low (the pH value of the completion fluid is generally 8-11), while the reservoir contains a certain amount of feldspar (mainly containing silicate), so that the reservoir may be alkali-sensitive. At present, the core flow sensitivity experiment has been carried out to obtain:1. The core of the Tarim block has no quick sensitivity, and the change of the flow rate has no great influence on the permeability.2. The water-sensitive and salt-sensitive performance of the hard block in the Tarim oil field is moderate to medium-biased water-sensitive. And the critical mineralization is 110000 ppm. the method has the following steps:1, reducing the solid phase content, reducing the amount of the bentonite, selecting the size, the gradation and the number of the matched solid-phase particles to control the number and the depth of the solid-phase intrusion, selecting a temporary plugging agent according to the characteristics of the oil layer, To prevent solid-phase intrusion and to deblock when the oil well is put into operation.2. When drilling a drilling fluid, it is necessary to control the degree of mineralization, to ensure that the degree of mineralization is below the critical degree of mineralization, so as to avoid the reservoir damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the reservoir rock. Such as potassium chloride drilling fluid, oil-based mud drilling fluid, water-in-oil drilling fluid, and the like.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13
本文编号：2502877
[Abstract]:Reservoir protection is a multi-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary and through-oilfield development to the whole process of production. It is necessary to strengthen the reservoir protection from the process of preparation and development to the whole process of reservoir depletion, and any minor improper measures may lead to the overall disadvantage of the development of the oil field. Therefore, the reservoir protection measures shall be implemented in the course of exploitation and exploitation, and the protection of the development edge shall be implemented to effectively exploit the oil and gas resources. The hard block is the most important block of the stable and stable production of the Tarim oil field, which has reached a peak output of 2 million tons since it was put into development in 1999. In recent years, the block of the Tarim oil field has damaged the oil and gas reservoir in the process of drilling, completion, water injection and stimulation, resulting in a sharp drop in production. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the current reservoir damage in the block, and put forward the effective reservoir protection technology, and optimize the drilling fluid currently used in the block. The cause of the damage of the oil and gas layer in the drilling process mainly includes five aspects: (1) The dispersed phase particles in the drilling fluid block the oil and gas layer (2) the damage (3) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the oil and gas layer rocks (3) the damage (4) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the fluid of the oil and gas layer (4) The damage (5) caused by the change of the permeability of the phase and the oil and gas caused by the sudden decrease of the negative pressure difference The layer damage is mainly studied from the angle of damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the oil and gas layer. The rock samples of the hard block of the Tarim Oilfield are selected for lithology analysis and the following conclusions are drawn according to the test method of the reservoir sensitivity flow evaluation (SY/ T5358-2002)> for the evaluation of the lithology flow sensitivity: by the lithology analysis, the conclusion is as follows:1, In that scanning electron microscope, the separation of the rock debris particle is good, the inter-grain pore is relatively developed, the connectivity of the thin sand layer is moderate, and the connectivity of the Donghe sandstone is good, so that the possibility of the possibility of damage to the solid-phase intrusion is large. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope that the size of the rock located at the edge of the hole in the rock sample is larger (more than 37um), so that the particle migration and blocking pore canal is not easy to occur, the core may not be fast-sensitive. There may be illite, smectite, i/ montmorillonite, so the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.4. The total core analysis content of the clay X-ray diffraction is 2-10% and the average content is 7%. it can be known that the mineral content of the i/ mongolian layer is relatively high, relative to about 40%, the content of illite is relatively high, about 35%, indicating that the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.5, since there is a certain amount of chlorite in the clay, the reservoir may be acid-sensitive.6, The reservoir formation water pH value of the Donghe sandstone reservoir is about 7.0-8.0, and the pH value of the general drilling and completion fluid is low (the pH value of the completion fluid is generally 8-11), while the reservoir contains a certain amount of feldspar (mainly containing silicate), so that the reservoir may be alkali-sensitive. At present, the core flow sensitivity experiment has been carried out to obtain:1. The core of the Tarim block has no quick sensitivity, and the change of the flow rate has no great influence on the permeability.2. The water-sensitive and salt-sensitive performance of the hard block in the Tarim oil field is moderate to medium-biased water-sensitive. And the critical mineralization is 110000 ppm. the method has the following steps:1, reducing the solid phase content, reducing the amount of the bentonite, selecting the size, the gradation and the number of the matched solid-phase particles to control the number and the depth of the solid-phase intrusion, selecting a temporary plugging agent according to the characteristics of the oil layer, To prevent solid-phase intrusion and to deblock when the oil well is put into operation.2. When drilling a drilling fluid, it is necessary to control the degree of mineralization, to ensure that the degree of mineralization is below the critical degree of mineralization, so as to avoid the reservoir damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the reservoir rock. Such as potassium chloride drilling fluid, oil-based mud drilling fluid, water-in-oil drilling fluid, and the like.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 张金波,鄢捷年;钻井液中暂堵剂颗粒尺寸分布优选的新理论和新方法[J];石油学报;2004年06期
，本文编号：2502877
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