基于GIS的楚雄地区红层地下水水化学特征及空间规律研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 15:32

本文关键词：基于GIS的楚雄地区红层地下水水化学特征及空间规律研究　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：楚雄州属滇中干旱地区,水资源时空分布极不均匀,资源性缺水与工程性缺水并存,较难集中化利用红层井开采地下水。楚雄红层区水文地质条件复杂,目前对红层地下水水化学特征的研究较零散,尚未全面、深入掌握红层地下水的水化学特征,为了研究楚雄地区红层地下水水化学特征及空间分布,对研究区不同类型红层地下水进行了代表性水样点的采集,通过Arc GIS软件建立红层地下水水化学空间模型,对水化学数据可视化,分析楚雄地区红层地下水水化学的空间分布特征,对楚雄地区红层地下水循环系统研究具有重要参考依据,为楚雄地区红层地下水有效开发利用提供建议。通过以上研究,最终得到如下主要成果:(1)楚雄地区红层地下水分为风化裂隙水、层间裂隙水、溶蚀孔隙裂隙水。在划分的水文地质单元中,牟定盆地、吕合盆地、广通盆地水文地质单元地下水顺裂隙或层面径流,受沟谷切割出露泉点向河谷或河流排泄;天子庙、波罗河水文地质单元地下水主要为就近补给、就近排泄;南华盆地水文地质单元中深部层间裂隙水绕向斜轴,向寺脚底泉点排泄,浅表风化裂隙水顺裂隙面径流,就近补给、就近排泄;楚雄盆地水文地质单元浅表风化裂隙水顺裂隙网径流,深部层间裂隙水绕向斜轴向循环,形成承压水,在沟谷处排泄。(2)通过92组水化学常量组分数据,结合地质剖面,总结出红层地下水水化学特征及控制因素:风化裂隙水作为研究区主要的地下水类型,受环境影响程度较大,阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主,矿化度在250~400mg/L之间,水化学类型以HCO3—Ca型为主;层间裂隙水,受岩层性质(岩性、单层厚度、相邻岩层的组合情况)的影响程度大,阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-、SO42-为主,当砂岩厚度达100~200m时,其矿化度为500~700mg/L,当厚度达200~300m时,其矿化度为300~500mg/L,地下水类型主要为HCO3—Ca型水和HCO3·SO4—Ca型水;溶蚀孔隙裂隙水,受含水岩组中膏盐团块影响程度大,阳离子以Ca2+、Na++K+为主,阴离子以SO42-为主,HCO3-、Cl-其次,矿化度在800~1100mg/L之间,地下水类型主要为HCO3·SO4—Ca型水、HCO3·Cl—Ca型水和SO4—Ca型水。(3)运用AHP层次分析法原理,设置层次模型结构,构造畅流型指标判断矩阵,得到水化学组分指标权重:HCO3-为0.4247,SO42-为0.1161,Cl-为0.0312,K++Na+为0.0555,Ca2+为0.2613,Mg2+为0.1112。(4)利用Arc GIS对所有的信息层进行分析,采用按权重进行叠加的方法,得出楚雄地区红层地下水水化学及循环系统的分布特征:K++Na+离子在各单元的排泄区及城镇人口集中的地方,含量(30~70mg/L)较高;Ca2+离子多聚集于各单元的排泄区(含量140~280mg/L);Mg2+离子集中在各单元的径流区(含量60~100mg/L);Cl-离子主要聚集在各单元的排泄区及含盐地层中(含量170~380mg/L);SO42-离子主要聚集在各单元的排泄区(含量350~650mg/L);HCO3-离子主要集中在各单元的补给区(含量210~700mg/L);p H多为弱碱性;TDS在各个水文地质单元的排泄区及城镇人口集中的地方,含量(800~1200mg/L)较高;水化学类型以HCO3—Ca型水和HCO3·SO4—Ca型水为主。在南华盆地、吕合盆地、楚雄盆地、广通盆地单元的地下水循环系统中,地下水从高山补给区到平原排泄区,呈现出水力坡度由大变小,径流速度逐渐变慢,集中补给,分散排泄,径流交替沿途由强变弱的特征;牟定盆地单元,高山补给区到中部平原排泄区,水力坡度大,地下水表现出径流速度加快,径流通畅,地下水交替积极的特点;天子庙、波河罗单元内地下水呈现出径流速度快,径流途径短,迅速排泄的特点。(5)通过对楚雄地区红层地下水水化学空间分布规律的分析,结合研究区红层地下水的利用现状及水质特征,提出了有效开发利用建议:风化裂隙水适合浅井开发,单井独户或小规模联户供水;层间裂隙水适合各种管井开发,深井集中联村供水或引泉供水;溶蚀孔隙裂隙水适合中、深管井开发,集中联村供水,有条件浅井开发与风化裂隙水相同。
[Abstract]:Chuxiong is in the arid area of Yunnan, temporal and spatial distribution of water resources is extremely uneven, shortage of water resources and engineering water shortage coexist, difficult to use centralized red layer well exploitation of groundwater. The geological conditions of Chuxiong hydrological red layer area is complex, the current research on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in red beds is scattered, not yet fully grasp. The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in red beds in Chuxiong area, in order to study the red layer of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the spatial distribution of the study area, different types of groundwater in red beds are representative samples collected, the establishment of red layer groundwater water chemical space model through Arc GIS software on water chemistry data visualization, analysis of the distribution characteristics of the red layer the groundwater chemical space in Chuxiong, has an important reference to the research on groundwater circulation system of red layer in Chuxiong area, to provide suggestions for the effective development and utilization of groundwater in Chuxiong area. Through the red layer The above research, finally the main results are as follows: (1) the Chuxiong area red layer of underground water for weathering fissure water, interlayer fissure water, corrosion pore fissure water. In the division of hydrogeological units in mouding Lu basin, basin, Basin wide groundwater hydrogeological unit along the fissure or level of runoff, by cutting out the valley spring valley or river to the point of discharge; the emperor temple, the Baltic river hydrology geology unit groundwater are the nearest supply, the nearest evacuation; Nanhua basin hydrogeological unit deep interlayer fissure water around the syncline axis, to the temple foot spring discharge, shallow weathering fissure water along the crack surface runoff, the nearest supply, the nearest evacuation; Chuxiong basin hydrogeologicalunits superficial weathering fissure water along the fracture network runoff, deep interlayer fissure water around the syncline axial circulation, the formation of confined water in the valley, excretion. (2) data from 92 groups of water chemical constants with the group. Quality profile, summed up the red layer of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and control factors: weathering fissure water as the main type of groundwater in the study area, influenced by environment greatly, cation based Ca2+, anion to HCO3-, the degree of mineralization between 250~400mg/L, water chemistry type in HCO3 - Ca; interlayer fissure water, by the rock properties (lithology, thickness, adjacent strata combination) the influence of cationic, Ca2+ based, SO42- based, HCO3- anions, when the sandstone thickness is up to 100~200m, the salinity is 500~700mg/L, when the thickness of 200~300m, the salinity is 300~500mg/L, groundwater is mainly the type of HCO3 - type Ca water and HCO3 - SO4 - Ca type water; corrosion pore fissure water, by mass of salt water groups in the degree of influence, to Ca2+ Na++K+, cation, anion to SO42-, HCO3-, Cl- second, degree of mineralization in 800~1100mg/L Between the types of groundwater are mainly HCO3 - SO4 - Ca - Cl - HCO3 water, Ca water and SO4 Ca water. (3) using the AHP analytic hierarchy process principle, set up the hierarchical model structure, smooth flow structure index judgment matrix, get the water chemical component index weight: HCO3- 0.4247, SO42- 0.1161, Cl- 0.0312, K++Na+ 0.0555, Ca2+ 0.2613, Mg2+ 0.1112. (4) of all the information layers were analyzed by Arc GIS, by using the method of superposition according to the weight distribution characteristics in Chuxiong area, the red layer of groundwater chemistry and circulation system: K++Na+ ions in each unit of the drainage area and the urban population centres (30~70mg/L), the content of Ca2+ is higher; ions gathered in the discharge area of each unit (content 140~280mg/L); Mg2+ ion concentration in the runoff area of each unit (content 60~100mg/L); Cl- ions gathered in each unit discharge area and salt formation (content 170 ~380mg/L; SO42-) ions gathered in the drainage area of each unit (content 350~650mg/L); HCO3- ions are mainly concentrated in the recharge area of each unit (content 210~700mg/L); P H is weakly alkaline; TDS in the drainage area of various hydrogeological units and local urban population concentration, the content of high water chemistry (800~1200mg/L); type HCO3 - Ca - SO4 - HCO3 water and Ca water. In the South China Basin, Lu basin, Chuxiong basin, groundwater circulation system in the Basin wide unit, groundwater from recharge area to discharge area of mountain plain, showing a stress gradient change from big to small, the runoff gradually slowed down, centralized supply along the way, dispersed excretion, runoff from strong to weak characteristics; mouding basin unit, alpine recharge area to discharge area of the Central Plains, hydraulic slope, groundwater showed runoff speed, diameter of groundwater flow, alternating positive characteristics; the Emperor Luo Po temple, showing a unit of groundwater runoff speed, runoff characteristics of short, rapid excretion. (5) through the analysis of Chuxiong red layer groundwater spatial distribution, combined with the status quo and characteristics of water quality based on red layer of groundwater, and puts forward some effective suggestions on utilization: weathering fissure water for shallow wells, single well single family or small scale household water supply; interlayer fissure water is suitable for all kinds of well developed deep water or spring water supply concentrated village; dissolution pore fissure water suitable for deep tube well development, centralized village water supply, conditions of shallow well development and weathering fissure water.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.3;P208

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