基于GIS方法的俄罗斯下瓦尔托夫斯克地区生态景观时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 23:05

本文关键词：基于GIS方法的俄罗斯下瓦尔托夫斯克地区生态景观时空变化研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类对大自然的影响分为三个层面——局部，区域以及全球，这些问题纵横交错出现在现代社会中。当前形势出现的主要原因是由于在地理信息系统中不合理的人为干预以及违反它们相互作用规则。还有一部分原因在于研究程度不够，对于这类问题法律缺乏科学了解，对于自然地理的形成进程，特点以及与人类社会相互影响的不了解造成。为了解决如何合理运用大自然这一问题，必须确定现如今关于解决这一问题的研究有哪些方向，何种进度等等。在研究中明确景观特点的时空转变。合理运用大自然的任务变得更加艰巨是由于地形在自然发展过程中还遭受到了人类经济活动进程中所带来的负面作用影响。结构学知识与景观组成部分，景观和环境条件作用，功能状态和动力学之间的联系在这样或那样的条件下能够预知确切的发展状况。科学论证土地的运用种类并预先寻找保护自然措施，确定景观在最大允许范围内的负载量。现如今，景观动态变化成为整个地理科学最迫切以及具有现实意义的研究问题。该研究在发展进程中确立了深刻理论联系，确定地理信息系统如：变化条件下的生命限度的完整体制成为具有重大价值的研究任务，具有最直接的现实研究意义。研究涉及生态定位，通过生态定位解释许多地理系统结构的相互作用与环境的关系，使人类能够更好的掌握生态自然发展进程；可以解决地理系统所引起的问题，也就是说通过地理系统动向科学预测动态模式和进化趋势。不充分考虑自然景观的特殊性，不对自然景观加以保护，对资源和景观潜力的持续的人为影响，使汉特曼西自治区内形成粗放型的自然资源利用模式，环境状况急剧恶化。对过去自然环境的严重的人为影响，使整个自然景观发生很大变化，在大面积区域上建造大型油田，最后使自然生态系统逐步退化，形成了新的自然和人造景观。研究河流水泛地的植被是重要意义对制定措施为了合理与综合使用河草地，分配遗传储备，组织禁猎区，评估恢复过程在不同类型森林群落。这项研究的相关决定需要获得一个固定的景观制图的信息既要保证下瓦尔托夫斯克地区的无害环境的发展，经历了艰苦的人为压力。在1973年到2010年期间，，研究区内各景观类型均发生了较大的变化。其中，空间格局变化中，森林景观所占的景观比重最大。景观格局的变化主要受工业区，城市建设，道路和交通线的快速发展的影响。研究区石油和天然气生产专门化和对生态系统的工业综合很大程度上取决于下瓦尔托夫斯克区当前的环境状态。利用现代GIS方法和地学信息略图研究方法，评价了研究区生态潜力及客观评估生态系统的状态和稳定性，并实现自然资源利用优化。
[Abstract]:Human influence on nature is divided into three levels-local, regional and global. These problems are crisscrossed in modern society. The main reason for the present situation is the unreasonable human intervention in GIS and the violation of the rules of their interaction. Not enough. The lack of scientific understanding of the law of such problems, the formation of natural geography process, characteristics and interaction with human society caused by the lack of understanding. In order to solve the problem of how to use nature rationally, it is necessary to determine the direction and progress of the research on how to solve this problem. The task of making rational use of nature becomes more difficult because the terrain is also affected by the negative effects of human economic activities in the process of natural development. Structural knowledge and landscape components, landscape and environmental conditions. The relationship between functional state and dynamics can predict the exact state of development under one condition or another. Determine the amount of load within the maximum allowable range of the landscape. Nowadays, the dynamic change of landscape has become the most urgent and practical research problem in the whole geography science. This research has established the profound theoretical connection in the development process. It is of great value to determine the complete system of geographic information system (GIS), such as the life limit under changing conditions, which has the most direct practical significance. The research involves ecological positioning. Through ecological positioning to explain the interaction of many geographical system structures and the relationship between the environment, so that human beings can better grasp the ecological natural development process; It can solve the problems caused by geographical system, that is to say, predict the dynamic model and evolution trend scientifically through the trend of geographical system. If the particularity of natural landscape is not fully considered, the natural landscape will not be protected, and the sustainable human influence on resources and landscape potential will lead to the formation of extensive natural resource utilization mode in the Huntmanxi Autonomous region. The severe man-made influence on the natural environment in the past caused the whole natural landscape to change greatly, and large oil fields were built in a large area, and finally the natural ecosystem was gradually degraded. New natural and artificial landscapes have been formed. It is important to study the vegetation of river floodplain for formulating measures for rational and comprehensive use of river grassland, allocation of genetic reserves, organization of forbidden areas, and assessment of restoration process in different types of forest communities. The decision of this study requires a fixed landscape mapping information both to ensure the environmentally sound development of the Lower Vartovsk region and to undergo strenuous anthropogenic pressure. During the period from 1973 to 2010, the landscape types in the study area have changed greatly. Among them, the spatial pattern is changing. Forest landscape accounts for the largest proportion of the landscape. The landscape pattern changes mainly by the industrial zone, urban construction. The impact of the rapid development of roads and traffic lines. The specialization of oil and gas production and the industrial integration of ecosystems in the study area depend to a large extent on the current state of the environment in the Lower Valtovsk region. By using modern GIS method and geoscience information map research method, the ecological potential and the state and stability of ecological system in the study area are evaluated objectively, and the utilization of natural resources is optimized.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P901;P208

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